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Психологические последствия войны и социально-психологическая реадаптация участников боевых действий

Психологические последствия войны и социально-психологическая реадаптация участников боевых действий

Abstract

Описываются основные психотравмирующие факторы боевых действий и их психологические последствия для военнослужащих. Проводятся различия между некоторыми аспектами поведения человека в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций и боевых действий. Выделены положительный, нейтральный и отрицательный векторы влияния психологических факторов войны на комбатантов и раскрыто их содержание. Описан адаптивный (для условий войны) и дезадаптивный (для мирных условий) характер приспособительных психологических качеств, формирующихся у комбатантов в условиях боевых действий. Особо рассмотрена ситуация психологического возвращения участников боевых действий в мирные условия жизнедеятельности и обоснована необходимость организации соответствующих мероприятий по социально-психологической реабилитации, описаны основные ее этапы. Приводятся данные о зарубежных подходах и опыте такой реабилитации ветеранов боевых действий армии США. Рассматриваются актуальные проблемы психологической диагностики боевого посттравматического стрессового расстройства, а также практики психофармакологической и психологической коррекции его симптомов у американских ветеранов. Подчеркивается важность когнитивно-смысловых аспектов в психологической помощи ветеранам войны.

This research examines basic psychological traumas of military operations and their consequences for military men. Some aspects of human behaviour in emergency situations are differentiated from the ones during military operations. The article examines positive, neutral, and negative influence of psychological traumas of war on combatants and discloses their nature. Adaptive (for purposes of war) and desadaptive (for peace conditions) nature of comatants’ psychological qualities during war is described. Return home from war to peace conditions is carefully examined from the psychological point of view and the need for specific rehabilitation events is proved and decribed. American approach and experience in rehabilitation of combat veterans are alloted. Current problems of psychological diagnostics of military postraumatic stress disorder, psychopharmacological and psychological correction of its symptoms in the USA are described. The importance of cognitive-semantic aspects of psychological help to combat veterans is highlighted.

Keywords

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ВОЙНЫ, СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕАДАПТАЦИЯ, ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОЕ СТРЕССОВОЕ РАССТРОЙСТВО

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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold