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Нанообъекты в порошках, полученных при деструкции электродов в плазме высоковольтного разряда

Нанообъекты в порошках, полученных при деструкции электродов в плазме высоковольтного разряда

Abstract

The structure of materials obtained by the destruction of electrodes of different compositions at excitation of an impulse high-voltage discharge between them has been studied using the methods of high-resolution electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. A discharge was excited in air. In some cases, the fluoroplast destruction was carried out in plasma formed between metal electrodes. Electrodes containing Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Nd, Ti, Sn, Pb and С were used. The case of the destruction of the wire made white-hot in vacuum by the electric current occurring after the air intake into a chamber has been examined. The obtained materials are nanodispersed powders or nanocomposites. The nanocomposites chemical composition is determined by the composition of electrodes and inter-electrode medium. The composites contain different nanosized objects: nanospherolites, nanocrystals, nanofilms, nanofibrils and nanowhiskers. The discharge conditions causing a predominant formation of nanosized objects of the required shape have been determined. The functional properties of some of the obtained substances related to the presence of nanosized objects in them have been discussed.

Методами электронной микроскопии высокого разрешения и микрозондового анализа изучено строение материалов, полученных деструкцией различных по составу электродов при возбуждении между ними импульсного высоковольтного разряда. Разряд возбуждался в воздушной среде. В ряде случаев в наведенной между металлическими электродами плазме одновременно проводилась деструкция фторопласта. Использовались электроды, содержащие Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Nd, Ti, Sn, Pb, С. Рассмотрен случай деструкции электрическим током раскаленной в вакууме проволоки после напуска в камеру воздуха. Полученные материалы являются нанодисперсными порошками либо нанокомпозитами. Химический состав нанокомпозитов обусловлен составом электродов и межэлектродной среды. Композиты содержат разные нанообъекты: сферолиты, кристаллиты, пленки, фибриллы, вискеры. Определены условия, при которых получаются нанообъекты нужной формы. Обсуждены функциональные свойства некоторых материалов, связанные с наличием в них нанообъектов.

Keywords

ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ МИКРОСКОПИЯ ВЫСОКОГО РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ, ПЛАЗМОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ, НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ, НАНОКОМПОЗИТЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold