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ВАЛИДНОСТЬ И ИСТОЧНИКИ ПРАВА: РЕАЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЯ А. РОССА

ВАЛИДНОСТЬ И ИСТОЧНИКИ ПРАВА: РЕАЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЯ А. РОССА

Abstract

This article analyzes of A. Ross's theoretical conceptualization of the sources of law and their classification which is considered as an important part of Ross's concept of the validity of law. A. Ross states that the theory of law should be based on the principles of empiricism and thus the validity of the law can only be discovered through an empirical study based on a synthesis of psychological and behavioristic views. Such study means analyzing the practice of the courts (and other authorities administering the law) and finding both consistency and predictability in the behavior of the judges and a certain normative ideology, which governs and motivates spiritual life of the judges and in fact animates the courts. A. Ross argues that it is the only possible way to comprehend and predict the actions of the courts, which is crucial for discovering valid law. A common normative ideology, the ideology of the sources of law, is present and active in the minds of the judges and determines their way to discover a directive decisive for a certain legal dispute and formulate a rule on which decision will be based. Hence, A. Ross’s conceptualization presupposes that “sources of law” should be understood as the aggregate of factors influencing the formulation of the rule. This influence can vary depending on the degree of objectification of various types of source: some sources provide a ready formulated rule, while the others provide only material and inspiration. It also focuses on the concept of the tradition of culture which is considered as both a direct source of law and a significant factor influencing the legal system, the legal consciousness, the interpretation of law and the administration of justice.

В статье анализируется теоретическое осмысление источников права и их классификации, предпринятое А. Россом в связи с конструированием понятия валидности (действительности) права. Развивая свою правовую концепцию в русле правового реализма и строго придерживаясь позиции эмпиризма, ученый формулирует истинно позитивистское, по его мнению, понятие валидности (действительности) права, которое в его трактовке совпадает с понятием действенности права. Исходя из этого определить валидность правовых норм возможно, лишь выявив в результате исследования правоприменительной практики определенную нормативную идеологию идеологию источников права. Исследование такой идеологии в рамках теории и доктрины источников права позволяет понимать и предсказывать действия судов (и других правоприменительных органов), т.е. выявлять валидные правовые нормы. Идеология источников права определяет способ поиска и/или формулирования нормы, на основании которой выносится решение по конкретному делу, и соответственно, под источниками права в рамках данной концепции понимается совокупность факторов, оказывающих влияние на данный процесс. Различные источники права выделяются А. Россом в зависимости от степени вероятности, с которой можно предсказать использование той или иной нормы, а классификацию источников ученый строит на основании того, насколько готовую к применению норму они предоставляют судье. Ключевым понятием при рассмотрении данной проблематики для А. Росса становится культурная традиция, рассматриваемая и как самостоятельный источник права, и как фактор, оказывающий влияние на всю правовую систему, правосознание судей и отправление правосудия.

Keywords

ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПРАВА,ВАЛИДНОСТЬ ПРАВА,ДИРЕКТИВЫ И НОРМЫ,ИСТОЧНИКИ ПРАВА,ИДЕОЛОГИЯ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПРАВА,ТЕОРИЯ И ДОКТРИНА ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПРАВА,КУЛЬТУРНАЯ ТРАДИЦИЯ,А. РОСС,ПРАВОВОЙ РЕАЛИЗМ,VALIDITY OF LAW,SOURCES OF LAW,DIRECTIVES AND NORMS,IDEOLOGY OF THE SOURCES OF LAW,THEORY AND DOCTRINE OF THE SOURCES OF LAW,TRADITION OF CULTURE,A. ROSS,LEGAL REALISM

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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