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Формирование основ ювенального права

Формирование основ ювенального права

Abstract

В статье исследуется исторический аспект формирования правового статуса несовершеннолетних, процесс судопроизводства и назначения наказания. Описаны предпосылки формирования основ защиты прав детей и их развитие в трудах ученых Америки и Европы в XIX веке. Рост числа несовершеннолетних правонарушителей послужил очередным «импульсом» для перехода на более высокий уровень организации судебных и правоохранительных органов. Поэтому создание ювенальной юстиции рассматривалось многими учеными не иначе, как «спасительное средство» в борьбе с нарастающей волной молодежной преступности. Для возникновения ювенальной юстиции характерно соединение двух «разнородных социокультурных образований - формально-юридически организованной системы государственных судов и личностно определяемого попечения о детях». Короткий период существования системы судов для несовершеннолетних в России не позволяет сделать обоснованные выводы об эффективности ее как способа борьбы с ювенальной преступностью, однако значение ювенального суда как юридического института оценивалось и оценивается достаточно высоко.

The article deals with the historical aspect of the formation of the legal status of minors, the judicial process and sentencing. Describes the preconditions of basic rights of children and their development in the writings of scholars in America and Europe in the XIX century. Increase in the number of juvenile offenders served as another "momentum" to move to a higher level of organization of the judiciary and law enforcement agencies. Therefore, the creation of juvenile justice was considered by many scientists not only as "the remedy" in the fight against the growing wave of youth crime. For the occurrence of juvenile justice is typical connection between two "disparate sociocultural entities formal and legally organized system of state courts and personally determined the custody of children." Short period of existence of a system of juvenile courts in Russia can not make firm conclusions about its effectiveness as a way to fight juvenile crime, but the significance of the juvenile court as a legal institution was evaluated and estimated highly enough.

Keywords

ДЕТИ, ЗАЩИТА ПРАВ ДЕТЕЙ, ЮВЕНАЛЬНАЯ ЮСТИЦИЯ, ЮВЕНАЛЬНЫЕ СУДЫ, ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze