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Сущность идентичности и основные подходы к ее исследованию

Сущность идентичности и основные подходы к ее исследованию

Abstract

Понятие «идентичность» в настоящее время активно используется представителями различных научных дисциплин, что позволяет выделить онтологический, социологический, психологический и философско-антропологический подходы к ее исследованию. В качестве категории онтологии идентичность означает характеристику бытия, заключающуюся в тождественности чего-либо самому себе. По мнению социологов, идентичность это свойство социальных групп или индивидов, отличающее их от других, осознаваемое ими в качестве такового и формирующееся в процессе индивидуального развития в ходе взаимодействия с социальным окружением. В психологии и психиатрии под идентичностью понимается ощущение собственной истинности, полноценности, самотождественности и непрерывности своего существования. С позиций философско-антропологического подхода, персональная идентичность это осознание личностью собственного единства и целостности в пространстве и во времени, ощущение преемственности целей, мотивов и смысложизненных установок. В ней можно выделить индивидуальный и социокультурный уровни. Индивидуальный уровень персональной идентичности включает совокупность уникальных, своеобразных качеств, выделяющих личность из социального окружения. Социокультурный уровень предполагает идентификацию с нормами определенной социальной среды и символическим миром культуры. Существенными свойствами персональной идентичности являются проективность, процессуальность, динамичность и незавершенность.

Nowadays the identity concept is frequently used by representatives of various sciences, which allows distinguishing of ontological, sociological, psychological and philosophical anthropological approaches to its research. As an ontology category the identity is a parameter of objective reality, meaning the identity of something to itself. Sociologists consider the identity as a distinctive feature of social groups or individuals, distinguishing them from others, recognized by them as such, and forming in the process of individual development by the interaction with social environment. Psychology and psychiatry interpret the identity as a sense of one’s verity, value, self-relation and continuity of one’s being. From the perspective of philosophical anthropological approach the personal identity is the awareness by a person of his or her oneness and integrity in space and time, the sense of continuity of goals, motives and value systems. The personal identity structure can be divided into individual and sociocultural levels. The individual level of personal identity includes the range of unique, peculiar characteristics distinguishing a person from the social environment. The sociocultural level supposes identification with the norms of a certain social environment and with a symbolic world of culture. The substantial features of the personal identity are projectivity, processivity, dynamism and incompleteness.

Keywords

ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ, ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ, ТОЖДЕСТВЕННОСТЬ, ЛИЧНОЕ ТОЖДЕСТВО, САМОТОЖДЕСТВЕННОСТЬ, САМОСТЬ, САМОИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ, КРИЗИС ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold