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У истоков русского авангарда: общая теория творчества в трудах П. К. Энгельмейера

У истоков русского авангарда: общая теория творчества в трудах П. К. Энгельмейера

Abstract

In the 1920s leftist artists and theoreticians attempted to formulate their concept of the essence of art, which led to the development of a new theory of art, named “artistic culture”. This paper investigates the origin of artistic culture and more specifically the influence the theoretical work by P. K. Engel’meier had on it. Peter Kliment’evich Engel′meier was a multifaceted personality a mechanical engineer, a pioneer of motoring in Russia, an inventor, a philosopher of technology and creativity, an amateur artist and musician and a member of the Moscow artistic photographic society. In the late 19th and early 20th century he published extensively in scientific journals in Russia and Germany. In his writings, Engel′meier examines the creative process in the field of technology and identifies some common features of creativity in art, science, religion and everyday life, such as craftsmanship, novelty, objectivity, materiality, economy, and activism. The climax of Engel’meier’s ideas was his three-act theory of inventiveness: any invention is the result of desire (intuition), knowledge (discourse) and craftsmanship (routine). Special focus should be made on Engel’meier’s theory of creativity, a theory that he turned into a special philosophical discipline and named it heurology. His views of creativity process and the three-act theory of art formed the basis of the theory and practice of the Russian avant-garde. In the last ten years, the interest in the study of materiality and artistic practices has increased. This is true for scholars of contemporary art, as well as those of European and Russian modernism (Yve-Alain Bois, Rosalind Krauss, Benjamin Buchloh, Maria Gough, Margit Rowell and others). Inventiveness, craftsmanship, materiality, scholarly objectivity, economy and activism all of these became crucial notions for a new theory of art known as ‘artistic culture’.

В 1920-х годах деятелями советского левого искусства была предпринята попытка оформить свои взгляды на сущность изобразительного искусства созданием новой теории искусств. Статья исследует происхождение понятий, положенных в основу концепции художественной культуры, а именно то влияние, которое на нее оказали теоретические разработки П. К. Энгельмейера (1855-1943), инженера-механика, философа техники. В своих трудах Энгельмейер анализирует творческий процесс в области техники, устанавливает общность творческих процессов в области искусства, науки, религии и обыденной жизни. Таким образом, он выявляет общие элементы, которые составляют творческий процесс человеческой деятельности, это мастерство, новизна, материальность, объективность, экономия и активизм. Кульминацией его теоретической мысли является трехактная теория изобретательской деятельности: любое изобретение является результатом желания (интуиции), знания (рассуждения) и умения (рутины). Особого внимания заслуживает его теория творчества, для которой он придумал новую философскую дисциплину и назвал ее специальным термином эврологией. Его теория творческого процесса и техники легла в основу теории и практики русского авангарда. Большое значение теоретических изысканий П. К. Энгельмейера для развития культурологических построений теоретиков и практиков русского авангарда, несомненно. Изобретательность, мастерство, материальность, научная объективность, экономия и активизм эти понятия стали стержневыми в разработке новой, авангардной, теории искусства под названием «художественная культура».

Keywords

П. К. ЭНГЕЛЬМЕЙЕР, АВАНГАРД, ТЕОРИЯ ТВОРЧЕСТВА, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, ТЕОРИЯ ИСКУССТВ, ЭВРОЛОГИЯ, АКТИВИЗМ, ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, P. K. ENGEL'MEIER

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold