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Загрязнение окружающей среды продуктами эксплуатационного износа автомобильных дорог

Загрязнение окружающей среды продуктами эксплуатационного износа автомобильных дорог

Abstract

В работе на основе анализа отечественной и зарубежной литературы определены факторы, влияющие на интенсивность эксплуатационного износа дорожного покрытия. Предложен метод расчета количества загрязняющих веществ, поступающих в окружающую среду в результате эксплуатационного износа дорожного покрытия адаптированный для экологических исследований, который учитывает интенсивность движения автомобильного транспорта, его грузоподъемность и климатические условия северо-западного региона. Приведены результаты расчета количества загрязняющих веществ образующихся при движении одного автомобиля и всего автомобильного парка зарегистрированного на территории Санкт-Петербурга в настоящее время и на перспективу до 2020 года. Представлены результаты химического анализа продуктов истирания дорожного покрытия, которые содержат в своем составе алюмосиликаты и полициклические ароматические углеводороды. Приведены сведения о том, что большая часть продуктов истирания дорожного покрытия поступает в окружающую среду в виде РМ10, РМ2,5 и менее 2,5 мкм. Сделан вывод о том, что в настоящее время данный вид загрязнения окружающей среды мегаполисов не учитывается. Обоснована необходимость учета загрязнений, образующихся в процессе эксплуатационного износа дорожного покрытия для оценки влияния автомобильного транспорта на окружающую среду городских агломераций.

In work on the basis of analysis of domestic and foreign literature identified factors that influence the intensity of wear of the road surface. Method of calculation of the amounts of pollutants released into the environment resulting in the deterioration of road coverings it is developed and adapted for environmental research. The method takes into account the intensity of traffic, capacity, climate of the Northwest region. The work presents the results of calculation of quantity of pollutants generated during the use of one car and the entire fleet of machines registered on the territory of St. Petersburg, in the present period of time and for perspective up to 2020. There are presented the results of the chemical analysis of products of the destruction of roads. Products contain silicates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is shown that most of the products of destruction of the coating polluting in the form of PM10, РМ2,5 and less than 2.5 microns. It is concluded that this type of pollution of major cities are not fully taken into account. Proves the necessity to control pollution generated in the process of wear of road coverage for the assessment of the impact of road transport on the environment of urban agglomerations.

Keywords

ОКРУЖАЮЩАЯ СРЕДА, ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ, АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЙ ТРАНСПОРТ, ПРОДУКТЫ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННОГО ИЗНОСА, АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЕ ДОРОГИ, АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТЫ, МЕЛКОДИСПЕРСНАЯ ПЫЛЬ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold