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Эвакуация населения и железнодорожный транспорт в годы Великой Отечественной войны (на материалах Западной Сибири)

Эвакуация населения и железнодорожный транспорт в годы Великой Отечественной войны (на материалах Западной Сибири)

Abstract

The article is an attempt to contribute to the research of extremely important constituent of evacuation problem transportation of population from frontline area to the West Siberian rear area. It performs the analysis of the railroad transport condition just before the war time, which can be characterized by the transport’s insufficient mobilization readiness, the lack of the common and consistent operational transportation plan for the cases of military actions what was the reason of additional difficulties in its work in the tragic conditions of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The article describes the actions taken for railroad transport reorganization which were connected with the beginning of the military operations on the Siberian main railway lines, the hardships of the work performed, the enemy’s forces striving to paralyze the evacuees transportations, mistakes, violation of the rules set for the reception and dispatch of trains with the evacuees, the cases of incoordinate actions of the railroad work services and evacuation points. The author considers the emergency actions which were taken by the State Defense Committee, The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks, the The Council of People's Commissars of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Evacuation Council and local authorities for the overcoming the disadvantages and errors, for the expediting advance of echelons with the evacuees and their results. The authors came to a conclusion that railway transport and its staff accepted the main burden of the evacuees transportation to the region. West Siberia received more than a million of the evacuees and saved them from the fascist enslavement and death.

Сделана попытка внести посильный вклад в изучение важнейшей составляющей проблемы эвакуации транспортировки населения из прифронтовых областей в западносибирский тыл. Анализируется состояние железнодорожного транспорта накануне войны, отмечается его недостаточная мобилизационная готовность, отсутствие единого законченного плана оперативных перевозок на случай возникновения боевых действий, что создало дополнительные трудности в его работе в трагических условиях начала Великой Отечественной войны. Показаны меры по перестройке работы железнодорожного транспорта в связи с началом военных действий в целом на дорогах сибирских магистралей, трудности проводимых мероприятий, стремление вражеских войск парализовать эвакоперевозки, ошибки, нарушения установленных правил приема и отправки поездов с эвакуированным населением, случаи несогласованности действий служб движения дорог и эвакопунктов. Рассматриваются чрезвычайные меры, предпринятые ГКО, ЦК ВКП (б), СНК СССР, Совета по эвакуации и местных властных структур по преодолению недостатков, просчетов, по ускорению продвижения эшелонов с эвакуантами и их итоги. Делается вывод о том, что железнодорожный транспорт, железнодорожники вынесли на себе основную тяжесть перевозок при эвакуации населения в регион. Более миллиона эвакограждан приняла Западная Сибирь, обеспечив им спасение от фашистского порабощения и гибели.

Keywords

ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫЙ ТРАНСПОРТ, ВЕЛИКАЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ВОЙНА, ЭВАКУАЦИЯ, ЭВАКУИРОВАННОЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЕ, ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫЕ МЕРЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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