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Роль кумыкских феодальных владетелей в обеспечении безопасности торгового пути в Приморском Дагестане в первой половине XVIII В. (по материалам кизлярского комендантского архива)

Роль кумыкских феодальных владетелей в обеспечении безопасности торгового пути в Приморском Дагестане в первой половине XVIII В. (по материалам кизлярского комендантского архива)

Abstract

The role of the Kumyk lords in safety of the trade way passing through Seaside Dagestan is considered in the article, on the basis of the analysis of materials of Kizlyar commandant’s archive. This considerable piece of the trans-Caucasian trade highway also ran through the territory of Kumyk feudal lords, exerted important impact on social and economic and cultural historical development of the population of the land. Thanks to an advantageous geographical position of the feods, the Kumyk princes kept under control all trade in the region. The trade way running through Seaside Dagestan was dangerous to passable merchants, couriers and other Russian citizens. In the conditions of feudal division and civil strives, the Kumyk lords SUMMARY not always managed to ensure safety of trade in the Peri-Caspian land. Travelers might not only be robbed, but also have their lives taken. Each lord could guarantee safety only in case of journey through his territory and made all efforts for this purpose. The Kumyk princes who were on the Russian service played an important role in safety of the Caspian overland way. Understanding it, Kizlyar commandants, when sending to Persia the people, in the cover letter on it in advance informed the Kumyk lords, who were by the Russian citizen also asked to provide the return safe journey as well.

В статье на основе анализа материалов Кизлярского комендантского архива рассматривается роль кумыкских владетелей в обеспечении безопасности торгового пути, проходившего через Приморский Дагестан. Этот значительный отрезок транскавказской торговой магистрали, оказавшей важное влияние на социально-экономическое и культурно-историческое развитие населения края, пролегал через территорию кумыкских феодальных владений. Благодаря выгодному географическому положению своих земель кумыкские князья держали под контролем всю торговлю в регионе. Торговый путь, пролегавший через Приморский Дагестан, был опасным для проезжих купцов, курьеров и других российских подданных. В условиях феодальной раздробленности и междоусобиц обеспечить безопасность торговли в Прикаспие кумыкским владетелям удавалось не всегда. Проезжих могли не только ограбить, но и лишить жизни. Каждый владетель мог гарантировать безопасность только при проезде через его территорию и прилагал все усилия для этого. Находившиеся на российской службе кумыкские князья играли важную роль в обеспечении безопасности Прикаспийского сухопутного пути. Понимая это, кизлярские коменданты при отправке в Персию своих людей заранее в сопроводительном письме извещали об этом кумыкских владетелей, которых просили также обеспечить российским подданным безопасный обратный проезд.

Keywords

РОССИЯ,ПРИМОРСКИЙ ДАГЕСТАН,ФЕОДАЛЬНАЯ РАЗДРОБЛЕННОСТЬ,КУМЫКСКИЕ ВЛАДЕНИЯ,КИЗЛЯРСКИЙ КОМЕНДАНТ,ТОРГОВЫЙ ПУТЬ,КУПЦЫ,БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ,RUSSIA,SEASIDE DAGESTAN,FEUDAL DIVISION,KUMYK FEODS,KIZLYAR COMMANDANT,TRADE WAY,MERCHANTS,SAFETY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold