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Неоинституциональный подход как теоретико-методологическая основа изучения библиотечной профессии

Неоинституциональный подход как теоретико-методологическая основа изучения библиотечной профессии

Abstract

Статья посвящена поиску новых теоретико-методологических инструментов изучения позиции библиотечной профессии в современном обществе. В качестве альтернативы структурно-функциональному и традиционному социально-институциональному подходам в библиотековедении предлагается неоинституциональный подход и анализ библиотечной профессии как современного социального института. Доказывается, что воспроизводство библиотеки как социального института в современных условиях это результат квалифицированной деятельности представителей библиотечной профессии, а структура библиотечных практик создается в зоне взаимодействия смыслов, норм и власти. Не структура влияет на библиотекаря, а библиотекарь как актор способен взаимодействовать со структурой или противодействовать ей, при этом воспроизводятся социальные отношения, обладающие актуальными характеристиками. Показано, каким образом ряд современных проблем библиотечного дела обусловлен противоречием между структурой, воспроизводящей библиотеку только в качестве института материальной культуры, и библиотекарем актором, владеющим и традициями, и идеями, убеждениями, теориями нового содержания. Для изучения позиций библиотечной профессии в профессиональной структуре современного общества применяется специфический инструмент дифференциация субъектов социального действия. На стыке неоинституционального и полисистемного подходов можно выделить минимум три пары «сильноресурсных слаборесурсных субъектов», определяющие содержание современных библиотечных практик: распределение статусов в рамках цепочки «библиотекарь массовый актор», дифференциацию профессионального сообщества с точки зрения статусно-ролевых различий, изучение соотношения сил в рамках всей информационной инфраструктуры общества.

The article main idea is to search a new theoretical-methodological tool to explore the position of the library profession in the modern society. As an alternative to structural-functional and traditional social-institutional approaches in librarianship the author offers a neoinstitutional approach and considers the library profession as a modern social institution. It proves that reproduction of the library as a social institution in modern conditions is the result of qualified activity of the library professionals; the structure of library practices is created in the interaction zone of meanings, norms and authorities. Not the structure affects a librarian, but a librarian as an actor can interact with the structure or oppose it, meanwhile the reproduction of social relations possessing relevant characteristics takes place. The author shows how a number of contemporary issues of librarianship is determined by contradictions between the structure reproducing the library only as an institution of material culture, and the librarian as an actor owning both traditions and ideas, beliefs, theories of new content. To study the library profession positions in the occupational structure of modern society a specific instrument the differentiation of subjects of social action is applied. At the junction of neoinstitutional and polysystemic approaches at least three pairs of «high resource low resource subjects» can be distinguished, which determine the content of modern library practices: the status distribution in the chain «a librarian a mass actor», the professional community differentiation in terms of status-role differences, studying the balance of forces across the information infrastructure of society.

Keywords

БИБЛИОТЕКАРЬ, БИБЛИОТЕКА, СОЦИАЛЬНО-ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД, БИБЛИОТЕЧНАЯ ПРОФЕССИЯ, НЕОИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД, ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИЯ, ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold