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Смертность в России: несостоявшаяся вторая эпидемиологическая революция

Смертность в России: несостоявшаяся вторая эпидемиологическая революция

Abstract

The article looks at different approaches (the "new phase" of the epidemiologic transition, "the second epidemiologic revolution", a "health transition") to conceptualization of the present stage of mortality reduction, in which noncommunicable diseases and causes of death resulting from external sources come to the fore. At this stage, which has lasted for at least half a century, revolutionary changes have taken place in most developed countries. These changes manifest themselves in the drastic expansion of control over non-infectious causes of death, particularly over diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and other noncommunicable diseases, as well as over external causes of death. The consequence of these changes has been the rapid shift of deaths from the abovementioned causes to older ages, an increase in the mean age of death from them and, ultimately, a significant rise in life expectancy. Meanwhile, Russia has been mostly unaffected by these changes and has failed to provide the necessary growth of control over noncommunicable causes of death. The age distribution of deaths from major classes of causes of death in Russia over the past half-century has not changed, leading to a stagnation in life expectancy and to an increasing lag behind the majority of developed countries with respect to this indicator. "The second epidemiologic revolution" in Russia is still a matter for the future.

Рассматриваются различные подходы к концептуальному осмыслению современного этапа снижения смертности, когда на первый план вышла борьба с неинфекционными причинами смерти («новые этапы» эпидемиологического перехода, «вторая эпидемиологическая революция», «санитарный переход»). На этом этапе, продолжающемся уже не менее полувека, в большинстве развитых стран произошли революционные изменения, выразившиеся в резком расширении контроля над неинфекционными причинами смерти, в частности, над заболеваниями системы кровообращения, новообразованиями, другими неинфекционными болезнями, внешними причинами. Следствием этих изменений стало быстрое оттеснение смертей от этих причин к старшим возрастам, увеличение среднего возраста смерти от них, в конечном счете, значительный рост ожидаемой продолжительности жизни. Между тем Россия, в основном, осталась в стороне от этих изменений и не смогла обеспечить должного роста контроля над неинфекционными причинами смерти. Возрастное распределение смертей от крупных классов причин в России за последние полвека почти не изменилось, что обусловило стагнацию ожидаемой продолжительности жизни и нарастающее отставание по этому показателю от большинства развитых стран. «Вторая эпидемиологическая революция» в России все еще остается делом будущего.

Keywords

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕХОД, ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ, ВТОРАЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ, САНИТАРНЫЙ ПЕРЕХОД, ПРИЧИНЫ СМЕРТИ, СМЕРТНОСТЬ ОТ НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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