The author is focused on the phenomenon of a «new national question» that came to the top of agenda during the last several decades. The article analyzes the reasons for its appearance, its difference from traditional factors creating national problems and provoking inter-national antagonisms. A.Galkin studies mass migration flows heading from the third world countries to the most developed states of the Western Europe against the background of globalization, rapid development of mass-media (the awareness of different living standards is now occurring everywhere), qualitative perfection of means of transportation, etc. The author does not forget about social, socio-psychological, and political (including electoral) consequences of the «new national question».