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Десемантизация локальных превербов в абхазском и абазинском языках

Десемантизация локальных превербов в абхазском и абазинском языках

Abstract

It is a generally recognized fact that in the Abkhaz and Abaza languages (as well as in the Abkhaz-Adyghe group of languages in general) the stem of the verb is very rich in elements it can consist of and is capable of differentiating and expressing various local and directional meanings. It is possible due to the use of special verbal word-formative elements preverbs. Such preverbs can be of two main groups: the directional preverbs and the local ones (also preverbs of local reference). Among the local preverbs there is another classification according to the meaning: they can be concrete and abstract. Concrete preverbs are characterized by more specific indication to a place of action (sometimes a state), while the abstract ones have a more common meaning. Moreover, in most cases the concrete preverbs can be easily associated with the initial words they originated from. This limiting feature makes them less productive both in terms of word-formation and semantics. At the same time, due to their structural simplicity and the vague links with the initial words, the abstract preverbs are more productive and create far more opportunities for polysemic (figurative) use. This article is devoted to the process of desemantization which occurs among local preverbs, both concrete and abstract ones, realized in a verb stem. Preverbs of local reference for the most part derive from different words with certain meanings. Consequently, to a greater or lesser extent, they preserve this meaning when realized in a verbal stem. However, there are cases when local preverbs lose their local semantics and give a verb another, figurative, meaning. This process is more visible among local preverbs of abstract meaning. It is pointed out in the article that during the process of desemantization preverbs of local reference fully or partially lose their local semantics and are realized in a verb stem in the function of a word-formative element. In most cases, though we cannot speak about a total grading of a local meaning, when preverbs of local reference undergo desemantization in the stem of the verb they also lose another important preverbal function the grammatical one.

В статье рассматриваются локальные превербы, подверженные десемантизации и выступающие в переносном значении. Несмотря на то, что все локальные превербы представляют собой лексически значимые элементы, семантикой конкретизации места, состояния (или же направления действия) в большей степени наделены локальные превербы конкретного характера. Это связано с тем, что подобные превербы этимологически прозрачны и связь их с исходным словом прослеживается отчетливо. Абстрактные превербы, напротив, обладают достаточно общим значением. В их состав, наряду с локальными превербами прозрачной этимологии, также входят превербные образования, утратившие первоначальную связь с исходным словом. Это во многом предопределяет их частое употребление в переносном значении. В статье отмечается, что за счет десемантизации семантический потенциал локальных превербов значительно увеличивается. При этом, как показывает фактический материал, десемантизация проявляется как у образований с одним и тем же локальным превербом и глагольной основой, так и у образований с разными локальными превербами и основами глагола. Локальный преверб в данной функции выступает в глагольной основе в качестве словообразовательного форманта.

Keywords

LOCAL SEMANTICS,VERB STEM,WORD-FORMATIVE ELEMENT,ABSTRACT PREVERBS,CONCRETE PREVERBS,ЛОКАЛЬНАЯ СЕМАНТИКА,ГЛАГОЛЬНЫЙ КОРЕНЬ,СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ,АБСТРАКТНЫЕ ПРЕВЕРБЫ,КОНКРЕТНЫЕ ПРЕВЕРБЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze