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Национальный менталитет русских и немцев (сравнительный анализ на примере студенческой молодежи Москвы и Берлина)

Национальный менталитет русских и немцев (сравнительный анализ на примере студенческой молодежи Москвы и Берлина)

Abstract

In the age of globalization every nation faces a problem of preservation of national peculiarities and at the same time a problem to be successfully integrated into the world community. According to the developed conceptual model, national mentality manifests itself in two forms: auto and hetero-stereotypes which correlate with each other as self-typification and typification (according to A. Shutz). According to the author`s approach, national mentality comprises steady "kernel" (i.e. the ethno-cultural archetypes located below the levels of linguistic worldview and consciousness) and external, inconstant "periphery" (which includes emotional, cognitive and behavioral components and shows itself in economic, political, spiritual and social spheres). The empirical basis of the study is the online survey conducted in December 2013 February 2014 among Moscow and Berlin students (total of 200 Moscow respondents and 150 Berlin respondents). The author`s conclusions suggest that what brings Germans and Russians together is the economic cooperation and common historical past. The character traits are not only ethno-differentiative feature but one of the key components that pull these two nations together.

В условиях глобализации перед каждой нацией встает вопрос сохранения национального своеобразия, и в то же время необходимости успешно интегрироваться в мировое сообщество. Согласно разработанной концептуальной модели исследования, национальный менталитет проявляется в двух формах автои гетеростереотипах, которые соотносятся, по терминологии А. Шюца, как самотипизация и типизация. В структуре национального менталитета авторы выделяют устойчивое «ядро» (т.е. этнокультурные архетипы, расположенные ниже уровня базовой языковой картины мира и сознания) и «периферию» (которая включает в себя эмоциональный, когнитивный и поведенческий компоненты и проявляется в экономической, политической, духовной и социальной сферах). Эмпирической базой статьи стало социологическое исследование среди московских и берлинских студентов, проведенное в декабре 2013 феврале 2014 г. методом онлайн-опроса (200 респондентов в Москве и 150 в Берлине). Автор приходит к выводу, что русских и немцев больше всего сближают экономическое сотрудничество и общее историческое прошлое. Черты характера оказались не только этнодифференцирующим признаком, но и одним из главных компонентов, сближающих обе нации.

Keywords

НАЦИЯ, НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕНТАЛИТЕТ, СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ, СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ ПОДХОД, АВТОИ ГЕТЕРОСТЕРЕОТИПЫ, АРХЕТИПЫ, ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ, "ЯДРО" И "ПЕРИФЕРИЯ", МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ, ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЯ, "KERNEL" AND "PERIPHERY"

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold