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Определение породного состава целлюлозы и полуцеллюлозы из лиственной древесины

Определение породного состава целлюлозы и полуцеллюлозы из лиственной древесины

Abstract

Currently, hardwood is used for production of mass fibrous semi-finished products for paper and cardboard. The wood of birch and aspen in different ratios is mainly used in Russia. The basic structural elements of deciduous wood in the semi-finished products are the fibers of a libriform of vessels. Anatomically the fibers of a libriform are very difficult to be distinguished, but the fibers of vessels have the characteristic diagnostic features the structure of a perforation plate. In aspen wood it is simple, in birch wood it has a ladder structure with many partitions. On the basis of the specified features the authors developed a method of computer visualization and the program algorithm to detect an aspen and birch fiber vessels. This program is intended for the statistical analysis of the species composition of wood fibers according to micrographs. The program was tested on the samples of sulfate unbleached pulp produced from 100 % wood of aspen and birch. Mixtures were prepared by weighing with a predetermined ratio of fibers (10 % for a step). As a result of the researches the discrepancy of the expected and actual quantity of vessels of aspen and birch is established. To evaluate the effect of the ratio of hardwood species on the properties of semi-finished products in a laboratory three ways of semi-finished products were simulated, which are mainly used in the processing of wood of aspen and birch: cooking with green liquor and sodium-soda cooking and kraft pulping. Laboratory samples were obtained from these semi-finished products by mixing them by the gravimetric method (20 % for a step) in the range from 0 to 100 % of one of the species. Grinding was carried out in the Yokro's mill up to 20 °SR. The analysis of the main indicators of physical and mechanical properties (breaking length, tear resistance, strength of fibre) of laboratory castings of semi-chemical pulp (125 g/m2), and bleached sulphate pulp (60 g/m2) is conducted. The difference between the calculated and the actual ratio of the number of vessels in mixtures with a given percentage is found. The dependence of the ratio of the composite structure on the physical and mechanical properties is studied. The dynamics of deterioration in the strength properties of the laboratory samples with the increasing share of aspen fiber in their composition is demonstrated.

В настоящее время при производстве массовых волокнистых полуфабрикатов для бумаги и картона используется лиственная древесина. В России это преимущественно древесина березы и осины в разных соотношениях. Основные структурные элементы лиственной древесины в готовых полуфабрикатах волокна либриформа сосудов. Анатомически волокна либриформа очень трудно различить между собой, но волокна сосудов имеют характерные диагностические признаки строение перфорационной пластинки. У древесины осины она простая, у древесины березы лестничная со многими перегородками. На основе указанных особенностей ранее авторами были разработаны метод компьютерной визуализации и алгоритм программы для распознавания волокон сосудов осины и березы. Данная программа предназначена для статистического анализа породного состава волокон древесины по микрофотографиям. Программа апробирована на образцах сульфатной небеленой целлюлозы, полученной из 100 % древесины осины и березы. Смеси готовили весовым методом с заданным соотношением волокон (шаг 10 %). В результате исследований установлено несовпадение ожидаемого и фактического количества сосудов осины и березы. Для оценки влияния соотношения пород лиственной древесины на свойства полуфабрикатов в лабораторных условиях смоделированы три способа получения полуфабрикатов, которые преимущественно используются при переработке древесины осины и березы: варка с зеленым щелоком, натронно-содовым способом и сульфатная варка. Из этих полуфабрикатов получены лабораторные образцы смешиванием их весовым методом (шаг 20 %) в интервале от 0 до 100 % одной из пород. Размол проводили в мельнице Йокро до 20 °ШР. Выполнен анализ основных показателей физико-механических свойств (разрывная длина, сопротивление раздиранию, собственная прочность волокна) лабораторных отливок из полуцеллюлозы (125 г/м2) и беленой сульфатцеллюлозы (60 г/м2). Обнаружено различие между расчетным и фактическим соотношением количества сосудов в смесях с заданным процентным соотношением. Исследована зависимость соотношения композиционного состава на показатели физико-механических свойств. Показана динамика ухудшения прочностных свойств лабораторных образцов при увеличении в их композиции доли осинового волокна.

Keywords

СОСУДЫ ЛИСТВЕННОЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ,КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ,РАЗРЫВНАЯ ДЛИНА,СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЕ РАЗДИРАНИЮ,СОБСТВЕННАЯ ПРОЧНОСТЬ ВОЛОКНА,HARDWOOD VESSEL,COMPUTER VISUALIZATION,BREAKING LENGTH,TEAR RESISTANCE,STRENGTH OF FIBRE

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold