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Истоки и смысл двухпалатности парламентов

Истоки и смысл двухпалатности парламентов

Abstract

Статья посвящена юридическому исследованию двухпалатности как явления современного парламентаризма, определяющего структуру и форму представительного органа в целом ряде государств мира. Анализируется эволюция функций, полномочий и методов деятельности двухпалатных парламентов, обозначается исторический и политический контекст создания подобных органов на различных этапах государственного и правового строительства. В частности, акцентируется на том обстоятельстве, что феномен парламента появился в новом периоде истории человечества, начало которого связано с европейскими революциями 17-18 ст. При этом исторические истоки двухпалатного парламента следует искать в сословно-представительской монархии Англии начиная с конца 13 ст., однако в указанный период парламент еще не представлял собой родовую общепризнанную политико-правовую категорию. Отмечается, что особенно вопрос о структуре парламента актуализируется в условиях подготовки проектов новых конституций или поправок к уже действующим основным законам. При этом, по мнению автора, структура парламента (уникамеральная, бикамеральная или даже трикамеральная) влияет на порядок его работы, повышая или понижая эффективность деятельности, но также и на политику, проводимую законодательным органом, и на характер взаимоотношений данного института с другими органами государственной власти. В связи с этим вопросы оптимизации структуры парламента, в том числе и установления количества палат в парламенте, находятся в центре внимания при учреждении любого парламента и требуют соответствующего теоретико-правового, конституционно-правового и историко-правового изучения и осмысления.

The article presents a research on bicameralism as phenomenon of modern parliamentary system which determines the structure and the form of a representative body in a number of countries all over the world. The author analyzes the evolution of functions, powers and methods of bicameral parliaments and indicates historical and political context of creating similar bodies in various stages of state and law development. In particular, the article is focused on the fact that the phenomenon of parliament appeared in the Modern period of human history, the beginning of which is associated with the European revolutions of 17th-18th centuries. Herewith, the historical background of bicameral parliament can be traced to the estate-representative monarchy in England of the late 13th century; however, at that time it did not represent a generally recognized political and legal category. It is specified that the relevance of the question on parliament structure significantly grows under the conditions of drafting new constitutions or amendments to the existing fundamental laws. In author's opinion, the structure of a parliament (unicameral, bicameral or tricameral) influences the conduct of its work increasing or decreasing its efficiency, the policies pursued by the legislative authority, and the nature of its relations with other state authorities. In this regard, the issues of optimizing the parliament structure, including establishment of parliament chambers, constitute core problems in formation of any parliament and require appropriate theoretical, legal, constitutional, and historical study and comprehension.

Keywords

парламент, бикамерализм, структура парламента, конституционализм, орган государства, конституция

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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