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Роль Министерства юстиции в формировании и развитии системы судебной и пенитенциарной статистики в Российской империи (1802-1864 гг. )

Роль Министерства юстиции в формировании и развитии системы судебной и пенитенциарной статистики в Российской империи (1802-1864 гг. )

Abstract

The article analyzes the experience of the Ministry of justice on the systematic collection of statistical data on its main business lines (the administration of the court system, the investigators apparatus, and the rule-making activity), including the activity reflecting the state of crime in the Russian Empire in the early 19 th century. These data were the important source on the history of crime in pre-revolutionary Russia, and the so-called moral and criminal statistics; they expressed numerically the activity of justice institutions and the state of crime in the Empire and had the substantial significance for the surveillance of the Ministry of justice over the activity of the gubernial anti-crime judicial authorities in order to determine its prevalence and to take the appropriate actions. The Ministry of justice identified and implemented the system of statistical study of a range of issues, which were subsequently included in the range of penitentiary statistics problems the number of people remained in custody, the number of prison population, and the penitentiary regime characteristics. It is important that the Ministry of justice and the scientific community start to recognize not only the significance of statistics as the form of reporting of judicial institutions of the Russian Empire about their activities, but also its importance in the selection of means of crime prevention. Besides their practical significance the report indicators served as one of the most important sources for the study of crime in the Empire. Along other sources the report indicators of the Ministry of justice of the Russian Empire were the base for a series of research works on criminal statistics at that time, that summarizing and studying the official materials, came to certain conclusions about the causes of crime and the measures of crime prevention.

В статье анализируется опыт Министерства юстиции по систематическому сбору статистических материалов по основным направлениям своей деятельности (управление судебной системой, аппаратом следователей, нормотворческой деятельности), в том числе отражавших состояние преступности в Российской империи в начале XIX в. Эти данные являлись важным источником по истории преступности в дореволюционной России, по так называемой моральной и уголовной статистике, отражали в числах деятельность органов юстиции и состояние преступности в империи и имели существенное значение для наблюдения со стороны Министерства юстиции за деятельностью губернских судебных органов по борьбе с преступностью, для установления ее распространенности и принятия соответствующих мер. Министерство юстиции наметило и реализовало систему статистического изучения ряда вопросов, впоследствии вошедших в круг проблем пенитенциарной статистики число лиц, находившихся под стражей, численность тюремного населения, характеристика тюремного режима. Важно, что помимо значения статистики как формы отчетности судебных учреждений Российской империи об их деятельности Министерством юстиции и научной общественностью начинает признаваться ее значение в выборе средств борьбы с преступностью. Помимо практического значения показатели отчетов представляли собой один из самых важных источников изучения преступности в империи. Показатели отчетов Министерства юстиции Российской империи наряду с другими источниками были базой целого ряда научно-исследовательских работ по уголовной статистике того времени, которые, критически обобщая и изучая официальные материалы, приходили к определенным выводам о причинах преступности и о мерах борьбы с нею.

Keywords

МАНИФЕСТ ОБ УЧРЕЖДЕНИИ МИНИСТЕРСТВ 8 СЕНТЯБРЯ 1802 Г, СИСТЕМА СУДЕБНОЙ СТАТИСТИКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ, СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ, СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ОТЧЕТ МИНИСТЕРСТВА ЮСТИЦИИ ЗА 1834 Г

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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