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С. Кьеркегор: движение к множественной субъективности

С. Кьеркегор: движение к множественной субъективности

Abstract

В статье рассматриваются причины, которые позволили С. Кьеркегору прийти к идее множественной субъективности и принципу дополнительности. В первую очередь на это повлияла фундаментальная задача, которую датский философ поставил перед собой, а именно: показать все возможные формы мировоззрений. Кьеркегор справился с этой задачей посредством созданных им концептуальных персонажей, каждый из которых экзистенциально, изнутри проживал одну из форм человеческого бытия и оценивал другие формы бытия с собственной точки зрения. Также к идее множественной субъективности Кьеркегора подвела философская система Гегеля, утверждающая тождество бытия и мышления, но, с точки зрения датского философа, такое тождество возможно только для Бога, но не для человека. Следовательно, человек расщеплен, а расщепление порождает множественность. В основе диалектики Гегеля лежит иерархический принцип: эта диалектика не может быть использована для объяснения форм человеческого бытия, поскольку они гетерархичны по отношению друг к другу, а не построены по принципу иерархии. Кроме того, эстетическое мировоззрение С. Кьеркегора изначально множественно, религиозное и промежуточные формы также допускают множественность, по отношению друг к другу формы человеческого бытия построены по принципу дополнительности. Специфика художественного творчества требует множественности в авторе: одна часть автора порождает идеи, в то время как другая выбирает из идей те, которые представляются наиболее интересными и важными.This article discusses the reasons that brought S. Kierkegaard to the idea of multiple subjectivity and the principle of subsidiarity. Primarily, it was the fundamental goal he had set for himself: to show all possible forms of worldviews. Kierkegaard achieved this goal using conceptual characters that he created. Each of them lived one of the forms of human existence and evaluated other forms of existence from its own point of view. Another reason that led to the idea of multiple subjectivity was Hegel’s philosophical system, which asserts the identity of being and thinking. However, Kierkegaard believed such an identity to be possible only for God and not for humans. Consequently, the human is split, and the splitting gives rise to multiplicity. Hegel’s dialectics is based on the hierarchical principle, so this dialectics cannot be used to explain forms of human existence, as they are not hierarchical, but rather heterarchical towards each other. In addition, Kierkegaard’s aesthetic worldview is originally plural; religious and intermediate forms allow of plurality as well; forms of human existence are based on the principle of subsidiarity towards each other. The specificity of artistic creativity requires plurality in the author: one part of the author generates ideas, while the other part selects from them those ideas that seem to be the most interesting and important.

Keywords

СЕРЕН КЬЕРКЕГОР,МНОЖЕСТВЕННАЯ СУБЪЕКТИВНОСТЬ,КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРСОНАЖ,ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОРМА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО БЫТИЯ,ЭТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОРМА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО БЫТИЯ,SøREN KIERKEGAARD,MULTIPLE SUBJECTIVITY,CONCEPTUAL CHARACTER,AESTHETIC FORM OF HUMAN EXISTENCE,ETHICAL FORM OF HUMAN EXISTENCE

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold