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Нозокомиальный респираторносинцитиальный вирусный бронхиолит у недоношенных детей: особенности течения, лечение и профилактика в реальной клинической практике

Нозокомиальный респираторносинцитиальный вирусный бронхиолит у недоношенных детей: особенности течения, лечение и профилактика в реальной клинической практике

Abstract

Цель исследования: изучить клинические, лабораторные и рентгенологические особенности течения нозокомиального бронхиолита респираторно-синцитиально-вирусной (РСВ) этиологии и эффективность проводимой терапии у недоношенных детей в условиях неонатологического стационара. Пациенты и методы: произведен анализ историй болезней 10 госпитализированных пациентов, перенесших бронхиолит РСВ-этиологии, установленной методом РИФ/ПЦР в неонатологических стационарах г. Москвы в 2011-2013 гг. Результаты: РСВ-инфекция у госпитализированных недоношенных детей с / без бронхолегочной дисплазии протекает тяжело, требуя лечения в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии, назначения оксигенотерапии и проведения искусственной вентиляции легких. Тяжесть течения РСВ-бронхиолита определяется дыхательной недостаточностью. Рентгенологическая картина заболевания характеризуется перибронхиальными изменениями, эмфизематозным вздутием, сегментарной инфильтрацией и нарушением бронхиальной проходимости (ателектаз, гиповентиляция). Частота бактериальных осложнений при РСВ-бронхиолите невелика. В реальной клинической практике новорожденным с тяжелым течением РСВ-бронхиолита назначаются антибиотики, бронхолитики, стероиды. Предотвращению распространения инфекции в стационаре может способствовать своевременная изоляция больных. Выводы: необходимы профилактические мероприятия для предотвращения распространения РСВ в неонатологических стационарах, в т.ч. специфическая иммунопрофилактика РСВ-инфекции у детей групп риска.

Objective: to study the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of the course of nosocomial bronchiolitis respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) etiology and effectiveness of the therapy in preterm infants in the neonatal hospital conditions. Patients and Methods: We analyzed case histories of 10 hospitalized patients who had RSV etiology bronchiolitis established by RIF/ PCR in neonatal Moscow hospitals in 2011-2013. Results: RSV infection in hospitalized preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia runs hardly, requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, oxygen therapy and lungs mechanical ventilation. The respiratory failure is the symptom of the of RSV bronchiolitis severity. X-ray picture of the disease is characterized by peribronchial changes, emphysematous swelling, segmental infiltration and bronchial obstruction ( atelectasis, hypoventilation ). The frequency of bacterial complications of RSV bronchiolitis is low. In clinical practice newborns with severe RSV bronchiolitis are treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids. The timely isolation of patients can prevent the extention of the infection in the hospital. Conclusions: The preventive measures are needed to prevent the extention of RSV in neonatal hospitals, including specific immune prophylaxis of RSV infection in children at risk.

Keywords

НЕДОНОШЕННЫЕ ДЕТИ, НОЗОКОМИАЛЬНАЯ РЕСПИРАТОРНО-СИНЦИТИАЛЬНАЯ ВИРУСНАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ, БРОНХИОЛИТ, БРОНХОЛЕГОЧНАЯ ДИСПЛАЗИЯ, ПАЛИВИЗУМАБ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze
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