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Проблемы энергетического обеспечения работы нормального и измененного миокарда

Проблемы энергетического обеспечения работы нормального и измененного миокарда

Abstract

The power of a myocardium differs a number of essential features, which should be meant to understand in pathogenesis its defeats. Heart has no essential stocks of the energy substrates. Glycolysis plays rather small role in the myocardial energy metabolism. Lactate plays the special rule in the myocardial energetic process. Its contribution to myocardial power can achieve 65 and even 90%. Other specific feature of a power exchange in a cardiac muscle is the significant share of free fat acids among oxidized substrates, especially on an empty stomach and in a condition of rest. Supply of fabrics by oxygen can increase in the whole organism, on the average, in 3 times due to fuller oxyhaemoglobin dissociation. To increase a level of the oxygen supply to a myocardium due to more intensive oxygen extraction it is practically impossible. For this reason any increase in the functional loading increasing of the myocardial oxygen need, demands meeting increase in the coronary blood-groove. At reduction of the blood supply to the heart the aerobic power metabolism in a myocardium is quickly broken and the cardiac muscle contractility function immediately worsens. In hypoxical conditions as much as possible fast mobilization of the myocardial anaerobic energetic reserves, including due to application of some metabolic cardioprotective medical drugs, is important.

Энергетика миокарда отличается рядом существенных особенностей, которые надо иметь в виду, чтобы разобраться в патогенезе его поражений. Сердце не имеет существенных запасов энергосубстратов. Гликолиз играет весьма небольшую роль в энергометаболизме миокарда. Особое место в энергетике миокарда занимает лактат. Его вклад в энергетику миокарда может достигать 65 и даже 90%. Другой специфической особенностью энергетического обмена в сердечной мышце является значительная доля свободных жирных кислот среди окисляемых субстратов, особенно натощак и в состоянии покоя. В целом организме снабжение тканей кислородом может возрастать, в среднем, в 3 раза за счет более полной диссоциации оксигемоглобина. Увеличить же уровень снабжения миокарда кислородом за счет более интенсивного его экстрагирования практически невозможно. По этой причине любое увеличение функциональной нагрузки, повышающее потребность миокарда в кислороде, требует соответствующего увеличения коронарного кровотока. При уменьшении снабжения сердца кровью быстро нарушается аэробный энергетический метаболизм в миокарде и немедленно ухудшается сократительная функция сердечной мышцы. В условиях же гипоксии важна максимально быстрая мобилизация резервов анаэробной энергетики сердца, достигаемая в том числе и за счет применения ряда метаболических кардиопротекторных лекарственных средств.

Keywords

сердце, энергетический метаболизм, лактат, свободные жирные кислоты, кислородный резерв, коронарная недостаточность, ишемия миокарда

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold