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Количественная оценка показателя стесненности акватории Северного морского пути

Количественная оценка показателя стесненности акватории Северного морского пути

Abstract

Article is devoted to a problem of development of quantitative indices and techniques of the formalized safety assessment (FSA) of the water area of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) which principles are formulated in documents of the International Maritime Organization and the Polar code. Features of polar navigation are considered and the main sources of risk of navigation incidents in the Arctic seas are determined. Analysis results of evaluation methods of risk of the navigation incidents based on use of world and regional statistics of sea incidents are given. The representativeness of statistics of navigation incidents relating to the seas of the Arctic basin is estimated. The interrelation between the frequency of navigation incidents and “constraint” of the water area is established. It is offered to use the term “constraint” of the water area which is usually used in relation to navigation of vessels in the uzkostyakh and on shoal as the generalized characteristic of all water area of SMP and its separate parts. For determination of degree of “constraint” of the water area it is offered to use, based on the theory of geometrical probabilities. Examples of effective use of the theory of geometrical probabilities in case of the solution of practical tasks of hydrography and decoding of images are given. Affirms that use of the theory of geometrical probabilities allows reducing a task of a quantitative assessment of “constraint” of the water area to a task about crossing of straight lines with curves on the plane. As a quantitative measure of “constraint” of the water area the author has suggested to use probability of crossing of routes of the vessel with navigational hazards. The basic formulas and ratios allowing to calculate required probability analytically for two options of the direction of the ship flows including an isotropic set of routes and anisotropic are given in work. In the conclusion of article overall assessment of the offered method is given and the directions of its enhancement are determined.

Статья посвящена проблеме разработки количественных показателей и методик формализованной оценки безопасности акватории Северного морского пути (СМП), принципы которой сформулированы в документах Международной морской организации и Полярном кодексе. Рассмотрены особенности полярного судоходства и определены основные источники риска навигационных происшествий в арктических морях. Приведены результаты анализа методов оценки риска навигационных происшествий, основанных на использовании мировой и региональной статистики морских происшествий. Оценена репрезентативность статистики навигационных происшествий, относящаяся к морям арктического бассейна. Установлена взаимосвязь между частотой навигационных происшествий и «стесненностью» акватории. Термин «стесненность» акватории, который обычно используется применительно к плаванию судов в узкостях и на мелководье, предложено использовать в качестве обобщенной характеристики всей акватории СМП и отдельных ее частей. Для определения степени «стесненности» акватории предложено использовать метод, основанный на теории геометрических вероятностей. Приведены примеры эффективного использования теории геометрических вероятностей при решении практических задач гидрографии и дешифровки изображений. Утверждается, что использование теории геометрических вероятностей позволяет задачу количественной оценки «стесненности» акватории свести к задаче о пересечении прямых линий с кривыми на плоскости. В качестве количественной меры «стесненности» акватории автор предложил использовать вероятность пересечения маршрутов судна с навигационными опасностями. Приводятся основные формулы и соотношения, позволяющие рассчитать искомую вероятность аналитически для двух вариантов направления судовых потоков, включающих в себя изотропное множество маршрутов и анизотропное. В заключении дана общая оценка предложенного метода и определены направления его совершенствования.

Keywords

"СТЕСНЕННОСТЬ" АКВАТОРИИ,КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА,ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ВЕРОЯТНОСТЬ,НАВИГАЦИОННАЯ ОПАСНОСТЬ,"CONSTRAINT" OF THE WATER AREA,QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT,GEOMETRICAL PROBABILITY,NAVIGATIONAL HAZARD

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    popularity
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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average