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Владимир Федорович Чиж и зигмунд Фрейд: схождение биографий и различие судеб

Владимир Федорович Чиж и зигмунд Фрейд: схождение биографий и различие судеб

Abstract

The article deals with the biography and scientific achievements of an outstanding Russian psychiatrist Vladimir Fedorovich Chizh in correlation with the biography and scientific achievements of the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. The highlights of the main protagonists' biographies are remarkably similar: born in small provincial towns of old empires, the difference in the date of birth is less than a year, studied in metropolitan universities, both were fascinated with Nietzsche's philosophy, were regarded by their contemporaries as good organizers and prominent scientists. Vladimir Chizh studied psychiatry under authority of I.P. Merzheyevskiy and graduated from the Military Medical Academy at the same time as Vladimir Bekhterev. During his internship abroad Chizh studied hypnosis learning from the leading experts of his day: J. Charcot, I. Bernheim and J. Delboeuf. He studied neurology and psychiatry under the guidance of P. Fleksing, learned methodology of psychological experiment from W. Wundt. At the age of 30, he became the first head physician of the St. Petersburg city hospital for the mentally ill in the name of Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon (600 beds), where he organized one of the first psychological laboratories in Russia. He is the founder of experimental psychology in Russia. From 1811 to 1915 he headed the Department of Psychiatry of the Yurievsky University (presently the University of Tartu, Estonia). Chizh was one of the first in Russia to develop understanding of the personality and individuality from the most basic, medical stand point. He is the author of about 200 publications, including several monographs on various aspects of psychiatry, neurology, criminal anthropology and psychology. V.F. Chizh was the world's first scientist to formulate the principle of complacency (at least 6 years before Freud) and one of the first in Russia to postulate the importance of the activity approach in psychology. Meditsinskaya psikhologiya v Rossii

В статье рассматривается биография и научные достижения выдающегося российского психиатра Владимира Федоровича Чижа в соотнесении с биографией и научными достижениями основателя психоанализа Зигмунда Фрейда. Основные вехи биографий главных героев удивительно схожи: родились в небольших провинциальных городках старых империй, разница в дате рождения менее одного года, образование получили в столичных университетах, увлекались философией Ницше, в глазах современников были хорошими организаторами и крупными учеными. Владимир Федорович Чиж изучал психиатрию у И.П. Мержеевского и закончил Военно-медицинскую академию одновременно с Владимиром Михайловичем Бехтеревым. Во время заграничной стажировки Чиж изучал гипноз у ведущих специалистов своего времени: Ж. Шарко, И. Бернхейма и Ж. Дельбёфа. Неврологию и психиатрию у П. Флексинга, методологию психологического эксперимента у В. Вундта. В 30 лет стал первым Главным врачом Петербургской городской больницы для душевнобольных во имя великомученика и целителя Пантелеймона (600 коек), где организовал одну из первых в России психологических лабораторий. Он родоначальник экспериментальной психологии в России. С 1811 по 1915 год заведовал кафедрой психиатрии Юрьевского университета (сейчас Тарту, Эстония). Чиж одним из первых развивал на русской почве понимание личности и индивидуальности с самых фундаментальных, врачебных позиций. Он автор около 200 печатных работ, включая ряд монографий, по различным вопросам психиатрии, невропатологии, криминальной антропологии и психологии. В.Ф. Чиж первым в мире сформулировал «принцип удовольствия», сделав это минимум на 6 лет раньше Фрейда, и одним из первых в России постулировал важность деятельностного подхода в психологии.

Keywords

ИСТОРИЯ ПСИХОТЕРАПИИ,ИСТОРИЯ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ,ЧИЖ,ФРЕЙД,ИСТОРИЯ ПСИХОАНАЛИЗА,ПЕТЕРБУРГСКАЯ ШКОЛА ПСИХОТЕРАПИИ,HISTORY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY,HISTORY OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY,CHIZH,FREUD,HISTORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS,PETERSBURG SCHOOL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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