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Гигиеническая оценка качества атмосферного воздуха и риски для здоровья населения Красноярского края

Гигиеническая оценка качества атмосферного воздуха и риски для здоровья населения Красноярского края

Abstract

This study fulfills the hygienic assessment of ambient air quality in the populated areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region. It is shown that the total number of emission sources in the region is more than 23 600 units, what is higher than in previous years. Around 90.7 % out of them correspond to the set standards of permissible emissions. Air monitoring was carried by the establishments of Roshydromet, Rospotrebnadzor and by other organizations at 94 observation posts in eight urban districts and 2 municipal districts of the region. The status of the ambient air in a sequence of the populated areas of Krasnoyarsk region, namely in the cities Achinsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, Norilsk, is characterized by the presence of certain pollutants, the level of which exceeds the hygienic standards. Prioritized pollutants are benzo(a)pyrene, suspended solids, nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde and others. In the settlements the economic entities violate the legal requirements in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The probability of the population’s health deterioration grows along with the growth of risk factors. The risks of respiratory diseases, immune system, blood and blood-forming organs and the additional mortality are assessed as unacceptable. Ensuring air quality of the urban residential areas and municipal districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory requires the introducing the complex measures to improve it. The established levels of human health risk associated with exposure to polluted air are an additional criterion for selection of the priority objects when planning the implementation of risk-based model for supervisory activities in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.

Дана гигиеническая оценка качества атмосферного воздуха населенных мест Красноярского края. Показано, что общее количество источников выбросов в крае составляет более 23,6 тыс. единиц, что выше, чем в предыдущие годы. Из них порядка 90,7 % имеют установленные нормативы допустимых выбросов. Мониторинг состояния атмосферного воздуха населенных мест осуществлялся учреждениями Росгидромета, Роспотребнадзора, другими организациями на 94 постах наблюдения в 8 городских округах и 2 муниципальных районах края. Состояние атмосферного воздуха ряда населенных мест Красноярского края (города Ачинск, Канск, Красноярск, Лесосибирск, Минусинск, Норильск) характеризуется превышением гигиенических нормативов содержания в воздухе отдельных загрязняющих веществ. Приоритеты бенз(а)пирен, взвешенные вещества, диоксид азота и серы, формальдегид и пр. В поселениях объектами хозяйствования нарушаются требования законодательства в сфере санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения. Растет связанная с факторами риска вероятность нарушения здоровья населения. Риски формирования заболеваний органов дыхания, иммунной системы, крови и кроветворных органов, а также дополнительной смертности населения оцениваются как неприемлемые. Обеспечение качества атмосферного воздуха населенных мест городских округов и муниципальных районов Красноярского края требует проведения комплекса мер по его улучшению. Установленные уровни риска здоровью населения от воздействия загрязненного атмосферного воздуха являются дополнительным критерием выбора приоритетных объектов при планировании в условиях внедрения риск-ориентированной модели надзорной деятельности в сфере обеспечения санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения.

Keywords

ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА АТМОСФЕРНОГО ВОЗДУХА НАСЕЛЕННЫХ МЕСТ,ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ,РИСКИ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ,ТЕРРИТОРИИ РИСКА,СУБЪЕКТ (ОБЪЕКТ) ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ,РИСК-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЙ НАДЗОР,ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ,HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT,AMBIENT AIR QUALITY,POPULATED AREAS,POPULATION'S HEALTH,HEALTH RISKS TO POPULATION,TERRITORY OF RISK,SUBJECT (OBJECT) OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT,RISK-ORIENTED SUPERVISION,PLANNING

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold