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Особенности таксономической структуры флоры урбанизированных территорий Среднего Урала (свердловская область)

Особенности таксономической структуры флоры урбанизированных территорий Среднего Урала (свердловская область)

Abstract

Исследование урбанофлор крупное направление в ботанической науке. К настоящему времени достаточно подробно изучены флоры многих городов Российской Федерации. В то же время на Урале флора урбанизированных территорий практически не являлась предметом специальных исследований. В настоящей работе впервые дается развернутая характеристика особенностей таксономической структуры флоры урбанизированных территорий Среднего Урала в пределах Свердловской области и проводится сравнение ее параметров с региональной флорой Свердловской области. Изучены урбанофлоры 3 городов, расположенных в южной части Свердловской области Екатеринбурга, Красноуфимска и Каменска-Уральского, которые образуют широтную катену, охватывающую Предуралье, горную часть Среднего Урала и Зауралье. Показано, что флору урбанизированных территорий отличает повышенный уровень видового богатства, который возрастает по мере увеличения площади города. В таксономической структуре урбанофлоры, в сравнении с региональной флорой, снижается участие споровых растений, за счет крайне бедной представленности плауновидных. Среди цветковых растений снижается доля однодольных и, наоборот, повышается двудольных. Состав ведущих семейств урбанофлоры типичен для бореальных флор Голарктического флористического царства, в то же время его отличает понижение ранга семейства Cyperaceae и повышение семейства Fabaceae. Родовой спектр урбанофлоры отличает повышенное участие в нем термофильных родов Atriplex и Chenopodium и крайне ограниченная представленность бореальных родов Hieracium и Taraxacum. Видовая насыщенность семейств и родов в урбанофлоре заметно ниже, чем в региональных бореальных флорах.Research in urban floras is a major field of botanical science. By now, flora of many Russian cities has been studied. At the same time the Urals flora of urbanized areas has not practically been the subject of special investigation. This paper is the first to provide a detailed description of the features of the taxonomic structure of the flora of urbanized areas of the Middle Urals within the Sverdlovsk region and to compare it with the parameters of the regional flora of the Sverdlovsk region. Urban floras of 3 cities in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region have been studied Yekaterinburg, Krasnoufimsk and Kamensk-Ural, which form a latitudinal catena, covering the Urals region, the mountainous part of the Middle Urals and Trans-Urals. It is shown that the flora of the urbanized areas is characterized by a high level of species richness which increases relative to the area of the city. The taxonomic structure of urban floras, compared with the regional flora, is characterized by a reduced participation of spore plants, due to the extremely poor representation of lycopsids. In the flowering plants the proportion of monocots is reduced and, on the contrary, the proportion of bipartite species is increased. The composition of the leading families of urban floras is typical of the boreal floras of the Holarctic floral kingdom, it is distinguished by the lower rank of the Cyperaceae family and by the rise of the Fabaceae family. Generic spectrum of urban floras is marked by the greater participation of thermophilic genera Atriplex and Chenopodium and very limited representation of boreal genera Hieracium and Taraxacum. Species richness of families and genera in urban floras is markedly lower than in regional boreal flora.

Keywords

УРБАНОФЛОРА,РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ФЛОРА,БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ,ВИДОВОЕ БОГАТСТВО,ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА,СЕМЕЙСТВЕННО-ВИДОВОЙ СПЕКТР,ВИДОВАЯ НАСЫЩЕННОСТЬ СЕМЕЙСТВА,РОДОВОЙ СПЕКТР,ВИДОВАЯ НАСЫЩЕННОСТЬ РОДА,СРЕДНИЙ УРАЛ,СВЕРДЛОВСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ,URBAN FLORA,REGIONAL FLORA,BIODIVERSITY,SPECIES RICHNESS,TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE,FAMILIAL-RANGE SPECIES,SPECIES RICHNESS OF FAMILY,RANGE OF THE GENUS,SPECIES OF THE GENUS RICHNESS,THE MIDDLE URALS,SVERDLOVSK REGION

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze