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Неформальная занятость в России: тенденции, причины

Неформальная занятость в России: тенденции, причины

Abstract

В статье рассматриваются различные подходы к определению и анализу неформальной занятости. Рассматриваются различные оценки масштабов неформальной занятости в России, которые различаются от 15% до 30%. На основе данных Российского мониторинга экономики и здоровья (РМЭЗ) за 2002-2012 гг., анализируются факторы, влияющие на вероятность того, что работник выбирает неформальную занятость. Анализ probit-регрессии показывает, что большинство безработных стремятся к статусу официально оформленных работников, то есть данный статус является наиболее приоритетным, а статус неформально занятого лишь вынужденным или переходным. Для мужчин вероятность относиться к незарегистрированной занятости значимо выше, чем для женщин. С географической точки зрения, вероятность быть неформально занятым выше для городских жителей, при прочих равных условиях. Наивысшая вероятность выбора незарегистрированной занятости оказалась у молодых работников, особенно работающих в транзакционном секторе экономики.

The paper provides overview of theoretical approaches and analysis to informal employment. The article are discussed various estimates of the informal employment in Russia, which vary from 15% to 30%. The factors affecting the likelihood that the employee chooses informal employment are analyzed on the basis of the Russian economy and health monitoring (RLMS) for 2002-2012. Probit-regression analysis shows that the majority of the unemployed to seek status formalized workers, that is, this status is the highest priority, and the status of informal employment or a forced transition probability for men to treat unregistered employment is significantly higher than for women. Geographically, likely to be informally employed above for urban residents, ceteris paribus. The highest probability of selection was unregistered employment among young workers, especially those working in the transactional sector.

Keywords

НЕФОРМАЛЬНАЯ ЗАНЯТОСТЬ,INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT,УРОВЕНЬ НЕФОРМАЛЬНОЙ ЗАНЯТОСТИ,THE LEVEL OF INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT,ФОРМАЛЬНАЯ ЗАНЯТОСТЬ,FORMAL EMPLOYMENT,РЫНОК ТРУДА,LABOR MARKET,СЕГМЕНТИРОВАННЫЙ РЫНОК ТРУДА,SEGMENTED LABOR MARKET

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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