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Обострение борьбы парадигм в науках о психическом здоровье: в поисках выхода

Обострение борьбы парадигм в науках о психическом здоровье: в поисках выхода

Abstract

В статье представлены результаты теоретико-методологического анализа конфликта различных парадигм в современных науках о психическом здоровье. Выделены основные направления, по которым идут столкновения взглядов ученых в связи с обсуждением новой классификации DSM-5 и нового исследовательского проекта Института психического здоровья США RDoC. Констатируется преобладающий акцент на нейронауках и узкой биомедицинской исследовательской модели, непропорциональный накопленным в науке данным о биопсихосоциальной природе психических расстройств. Представлены позиции ряда ведущих современных ученых, критикующих выраженный нейробиологический крен новых научных программ и доказывающих, что сложность психической жизни человека с необходимостью требует привлечения феноменологического, культурно-исторического и диалогического методов анализа. Отмечаются возможные негативные последствия неоправданно преувеличенного крена в нейробиологические исследования для практики помощи людям с психическими расстройствами.

This article presents the results of theoretical and methodological analysis of the conflict between various paradigms in modern mental health sciences. The author focuses on the principle points of discussion associated with the recent edition of the American classification DSM-5 and the new research project of the National Institute of Mental Health (USA) called RDoC. The author points to overwhelming accent on neurosciences and narrow biomedical research model that underestimate the accumulated knowledge about biopsychosocial nature of mental disorders. The article refers to the position of a number of leading experts who criticise an obvious neurobiological bias in new research projects and stating the complexity of human mental existence and importance of using phenomenological, cultural-historical and dialogue-based analysis. The author warns about the risks of such a pronounced neurobiological bias for practical care for persons with mental disorders.

Keywords

ПСИХИЧЕСКОЕ РАССТРОЙСТВО,ДИМЕНСИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПАРАДИГМА,ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПАРАДИГМА,БИОМЕДИЦИНСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ,БИОПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ,ЕСТЕСТВЕННО-НАУЧНАЯ ПАРАДИГМА,КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ПАРАДИГМА,ГУМАНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПАРАДИГМА,MENTAL DISORDER,DIMENSIONAL PARADIGM,PHENOMENOLOGICAL PARADIGM,BIOMEDICAL MODEL,BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL,NATURAL SCIENCE PARADIGM,CULTURAL-HISTORICAL PARADIGM,HUMANISTIC PARADIGM

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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