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Научная проблема и названия цивилистических исследований

Научная проблема и названия цивилистических исследований

Abstract

The "scientific problem" is researched as an independent category of the law methodology. The correlation between “problematic situation”, “scientese problem” and “scientific problem” in the civil law is shown. The scientific problem should be distinctly formulated in the title of the dissertation, and after that a successful search process is started which removes the contradictions and gaps in existing civil knowledge. The correctly defined scientific problem determines the purpose, the directions and the organization of the scientific process. The imaginary scientific problems are described, their classification and characteristics are given through the civil legal material. The conclusion is made that many of the problems studied by the beginning researchers have only subjective novelty that does not differ from the existing real scientific groundwork. Some of the issues that are called scientific problems by the researchers are solved by different methods of juridical explanation and are not aimed at increasing the existing scientific knowledge. It is explained that the symptom of the scientific problem existence is its inability to be solved through the usage of the very general provisions of the theory – the civil law principles. The solving of the scientific problem is viewed as the criteria for awarding the titles of the doctor of sciences and candidate of sciences. The correlation between “solving the scientific problem” and “solving the issue” is shown for evaluating the criteria for awarding the scientific degree.

«Научная проблема» исследуется как самостоятельная категория методологии права. Показано соотношение понятий «проблемная ситуация», «наукоподобная проблема» и «научная проблема» в гражданском праве. Научная проблема должна быть поставлена в ясной форме в названии диссертации, только после этого запускается успешный поисковый процесс, устраняющий противоречия и пробелы в наличном цивилистическом знании. Правильно поставленная научная проблема обусловливает цели, направления, организацию научного процесса. Описываются мнимые научные проблемы, дается их классификация и характеристика на примере гражданско-правового материала. Сделан вывод, что многие из решаемых начинающими исследователями проблем гражданского права обладают лишь субъективной новизной, не отличающейся от имеющегося реального научного задела. Некоторые вопросы, называемые исследователями научными проблемами, решаются при помощи различных методов юридического толкования и не направлены на приращение имеющегося цивилистического знания. Объясняется, что показателем наличия научной проблемы в цивилистике является ее неспособность быть решенной при помощи самых общих положений теории – принципов гражданского права. Разрешение научной проблемы рассматриваются как критерий присвоения ученых степеней доктора и кандидата наук. Показано соотношение понятий «решение научной проблемы» и «решение задачи» при оценке критерия присвоение квалификационных научных степеней.

Keywords

ЦИВИЛИСТИКА, НАУЧНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА, ЦИВИЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ, МНИМАЯ НАУЧНАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА, ЦИВИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ДИССЕРТАЦИИ, ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОБЪЕКТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ЦИВИЛИСТИКЕ, ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ, ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ, ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ПРАВА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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