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Академические издания в США в 1860-1940 гг. (к вопросу о влиянии Первой мировой войны на развитие российско-американских культурных связей)

Академические издания в США в 1860-1940 гг. (к вопросу о влиянии Первой мировой войны на развитие российско-американских культурных связей)

Abstract

Статья посвящена истории научной коммуникации Академии наук (АН) с американскими библиотеками, университетами, институтами. К середине 1880-х гг. книжные контакты стали постоянными и разнообразными, оформилось их государЕ. Г. Пивоваров. Академические издания в США... 161 ственное регулирование. Война и революция в России разрушили традиционные каналы книгообмена. Важную роль в распространении академических изданий стали играть научные центры, сохранившиеся в странах-лимитрофах. В июне 1921 г. около 4 000 томов изданий АН 1913-1921 гг. были доставлены А. В. Игельстремом из Петербурга в Хельсинки. В первые годы существования советского государства он стал одним из основных агентов американских научных центров (Библиотеки Конгресса США, Гуверовского института, Колумбийского университета) в регионе. Нью-Йоркская публичная библиотека тоже испытывала трудности с покупкой новых публикаций АН, однако благодаря своему общественному статусу имела большую свободу в выборе зарубежных партнеров, сумев уже в начале 1920-х гг. наладить книгообменные программы с сохранившимися в России научными учреждениями. В 1923-1924 гг. директор ее славянского отдела А. Ярмолинский посетил Ригу, советскую Россию и Восточную Украину, привезя 9 000 томов. Поездки видных представителей академической науки в США, участие советских ученых в научных конгрессах, проводившихся в Америке, способствовали развитию двустороннего сотрудничества. Число официальных проектов увеличилось после установления дипломатических отношений между СССР и США в 1933 г. Негативное влияние на развитие российско-американских книгообменных программ в этот период оказали советизация АН, арест, высылка и увольнение многих представителей академической науки, усиление цензуры и идеологического контроля в СССР.

The article is devoted to the Academy of Sciences’ scientific communication with American institutions. By the 1880s book exchanges had become constant and varied, had been governed by state authorities. The World War I and Revolution in Russia destroyed traditional book exchange channels. Scientific centers retained in the Limitrophe countries began playing an important role in academic publications dissemination. In June 1921 about 4 000 volumes of them (1913-1921) were delivered by A.V. Igelstremom from St. Petersburg to Helsinki. In the early years of the Soviet state he became one of the main agents of American research centers (Library of Congress, Hoover Institute, Columbia University) in the region. New York Public Library also had difficulties purchasing new Academy of Sciences publications. However due to their public status it had more freedom in selecting foreign partners. In the early 1920-s it established long-term book exchange programs with having survived Russian scientific institutions. In 1923-1924 its Slavic Department director A. Yarmolinsky visited Riga, Soviet Russia and Eastern Ukraine bringing back 9 000 volumes. Academicians’ trips to the United States, Soviet scientists’ participation in scientific congresses conducted in America contributed to the development of bilateral cooperation. Official projects increased after diplomatic recognition of the USSR in 1933. Since then American scientific institutions regularly received Academy of Sciences’ publications. Sovietization of the Academy of Sciences, arrests, expulsion and dismissal of its many staff members, strengthening of censorship and ideological control in the USSR negatively affected the development of Russian-American book exchange programs during that period.

Keywords

АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК, НЬЮ-ЙОРКСКАЯ ПУБЛИЧНАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА, БИБЛИОТЕКА КОНГРЕССА США, АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ЦЕНТРЫ, ПЕРВАЯ МИРОВАЯ ВОЙНА, НАУЧНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ, КНИГООБМЕН

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold