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Гендерные различия в восприятии родового акта (к истории российской дворянской повседневности конца XIX - начала XX В. )

Гендерные различия в восприятии родового акта (к истории российской дворянской повседневности конца XIX - начала XX В. )

Abstract

Статья посвящена исследованию гендерных различиях в восприятии и переживании родового акта. Основными источниками исследования явились женские и мужские тексты (эгодокументы), содержащие описание родового акта. Авторы пришли к выводу, что на протяжении второй половины XIX в. происходила легитимация важнейшей телесной практики в жизни женщины не только на уровне женского письма, но и на уровне гендерного самосознания. Роды являлись пограничным событием в жизни дворянок, ассоциирующимся с ужасом, болью, болезнью и даже смертью. Наиболее выраженным был страх смерти. Страх за собственную жизнь был обусловлен как большим количеством смертей во время родов, так и низкой материнской социализацией рожениц. Особенностью женского повествования являлась депривация себя. Элементом зарождения«сознательного» отцовства явилось присутствие мужа на родах жены. Описывая собственные чувства,дворянки ассоциировали себя с Другим, как правило, животным. Страх перед нечеловеческой болью приводил к распространению в аристократической среде обезболивающих средств. С конца XIX в. наметилась тенденция медикализации родового акта и перехода к технократической модели родов.The article is devoted to the research of an unstudied problem in domestic "emotionally" gender differences in the perception and experience of childbirth. The main sources of the investigation were male and female texts (egodocuments), containing a description of the act of birth. Among the relevant research methods content analysis, historical-semantic and gender-sensitive discourse analysis. The authors concluded that during the second half of the nineteenth century occured the legitimization of the most important bodily practices in a woman's life not only at the level of women's writing, but also at the level of gender identity. Childbirth was the border situation in the life of noblewomen associated with horror, pain, sickness, and even death. The most pronounced was the fear of death. The fear for their own lives was the result of a huge number of deaths during childbirth, and low maternal socialization of women. Feature of women's narration was deprivation itself. Element of "conscious" of paternity was the presence husband on the birth of his wife. Describing their own feelings, noblewomen associated themselves with Another, usually animals. Fear of inhuman pain caused to spread in an aristocratic community of the analgesia. Since the late nineteenth century trend of medicalization of childbirth and the transition to a technocratic model of childbirth.

Keywords

АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ РОДОВ,ИСТОРИЯ РОДОВСПОМОЖЕНИЯ,РОДЫ,РОЖЕНИЦА,ДВОРЯНКИ,ИСТОРИЯ ЭМОЦИЙ,ИСТОРИЯ МАТЕРИНСТВА,NTHROPOLOGY OF BIRTH,THE HISTORY OF OBSTETRICS,CHILDBIRTH,WOMAN IN LABOR,THE HISTORY OFEMOTIONS,HISTORY OF MOTHERHOOD

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze