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Космология: оценки возраста Вселенной

Космология: оценки возраста Вселенной

Abstract

Изучаются оценки возраста Вселенной для различных космологических моделей, основанных на использовании пространства постоянной кривизны. Если космологическая постоянная равна нулю, то решение уравнения Фридмана может быть найдено в явном виде для любого линейного уравнения состояния вещества. Отметим, что.плоская. модель (при k = 0) в действительности не является плоской, так как соответствующие секционные кривизны положительны. Для пространства Фридмана Робертсона Уокера с относительным параметром кривизны −1 (с малой плотностью материи) пространственноподобные секционные кривизны равны нулю, т. е. именно эту модель следовало бы считать плоской. Если бы радиус Вселенной a не зависел от времени, то эта секционная кривизна была бы равна k/a2, как для исходной модели. Но, так как радиус Вселенной зависит от времени, реальная секционная кривизна отличается от кривизны исходной модели. Для этой модели современное значение возраста Вселенной может быть получено без использования космологической постоянной Эйнштейна. Мы также рассматриваем проблему возникновения материи в начале Вселенной и её исчезновения в конце Вселенной. Предлагается новый горизонтальный лифт.

We study estimations of the age of the Universe for different cosmological models which are based on the space of constant curvature. If the cosmological constant is zero, we give the explicit solution of the Friedman equations for any linear equation of state. Note that the "flat" model (when k = 0) is not flat in fact because the appropriate section curvature is positive. For a Friedmann Robertson Walker manifold with the relative curvature parameter 1 (with small density of matter) all spacelike section curvatures are zero. Hence it is this model that should be considered to be flat. If the radius of the Universe a did not depend on time, then these section curvatures would be k/a2 as well as in the initial model. Yet since the radius of the Universe depends on time, its real section curvatures differ from the initial model. Modern value of the age of the Universe can be obtained without the Einstein cosmological constant for this model. We also consider the problem of matter creation at the first moment of the Universe and the problem of disappearance of matter at the end of the Universe. A new horizontal lift is proposed.

Keywords

РЕЛЯТИВИСТСКАЯ КОСМОЛОГИЯ, СЕКЦИОННАЯ КРИВИЗНА, ПРОБЛЕМА ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ МАТЕРИИ, ОПЕРАТОР ДИРАКА, ТОПОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ КВАНТОВАНИЕ ЗАРЯДОВ ЭЛЕМЕНТАРНЫХ ЧАСТИЦ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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