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Сложные хромосомные нарушения у больных с посттрансплантационными рецидивами острых лейкозов: клинические и теоретические аспекты

Сложные хромосомные нарушения у больных с посттрансплантационными рецидивами острых лейкозов: клинические и теоретические аспекты

Abstract

Objective. To analyze the incidence of a complex karyotype in patients with post-transplantation relapses of acute myeloid leukemias and to evaluate preliminary treatment results before and after bone marrow transplantation in order to elaborate optimal approaches to the treatment of this disease. Methods. Cytogenetic investigations (including multicolor ofluorescent in situ hybridization [mFISH]) were performed in 100 patients (53 males, 47 females aged from 1 to 60; median 23 years) with post-transplantation relapses of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 61) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 39). Results. Aberrant karyotypes were found in 90 % of AML and 97 % of ALL patients. The incidence of acute leukemias (AL) with complex karyotypes (CK) was significantly higher in ALL patients than that in the AML group (67 % vs 36 %; p = 0.002). At that, the percentage of CK with 4 and more chromosome abnormalities per cell in ALL patients aged 118 years was also significantly higher than that in AML patients (60 % vs 30 %; p = 0.03). Besides, this difference was observed in the CK+ proportion between ALL and AML patients, which transplantation was performed during the active phase of the disease (i.e. without remission) in 75 % vs 55 %, respectively (p = 0.003). Conclusion. Serial cytogenetic investigations showed that CKs before transplantation and in PTR are closely related, thus confirming their clonal nature. Therefore, it may be assumed that karyotype complication achieved by the PTR can be caused by both chemotherapy performed at early stages of acute leukemia and pre-transplant conditioning regimes. In this case, further increase of the chemotherapeutic intensity in order to prevent and treat expected PTRs in patients with CK+ acute leukemias seems to be unreasonable. In this connection, infusion of donor lymphocytes, administration of hypomethylating agents or medicines with target mechanism of action should be used for management of AML patients during the post-transplant period.

Цель. Проанализировать частоту сложного кариотипа у больных с посттрансплантационными рецидивами острых лейкозов и оценить предварительные результаты лечения до и после ТКМ для разработки оптимальных подходов к терапии этого заболевания. Методы. Цитогенетические исследования, включая многоцветную флюоресцентную гибридизацию in situ (mFISH), были проведены у 100 больных (53 мужчины, 47 женщин в возрасте от 1 до 60 лет, медиана 23 года) с посттрансплантационными рецидивами (ПТР) острого миелоидного лейкоза (ОМЛ; n = 61) и острого лимфобластного лейкоза (ОЛЛ; n = 39). Результаты. Изменения кариотипа обнаружены у 90 % больных ОМЛ и 97 % больных ОЛЛ. Число случаев со сложным кариотипом (СК) было статистически значимо выше при ОЛЛ, чем ОМЛ (67 vs 36 %; p = 0,002). При этом СК с 4 нарушениями хромосом в клетке и более у больных ОЛЛ в возрасте 1-18 лет было также больше, чем у пациентов ОМЛ (60 vs 30 %; p = 0,03). Кроме того, подобное различие имело место в доле СК+ у больных ОЛЛ и ОМЛ, которым трансплантация была выполнена в активной фазе заболевания, т. е. вне ремиссии, у 75 vs 55 % пациентов соответственно (p = 0,003). Заключение. Серийные цитогенетические исследования показали, что СК при ПТР и до выполнения трансплантации у большинства пациентов тесно связаны между собой, что подчеркивает их клоновую природу. Отсюда правомочно допущение, что достигаемое ко времени развития ПТР усложнение кариотипа может быть вызвано как проведенной на ранних этапах течения острого лейкоза химиотерапией, так и режимами кондиционирования. В таком случае дальнейшее наращивание цитостатического потенциала для предупреждения и лечения вполне ожидаемых ПТР у больных с СК+ острыми лейкозами не оправдано. В связи с этим для ведения больных ОМЛ в посттрансплантационный период целесообразнее использовать инфузии донорских лимфоцитов, гипометилирующие агенты, а также препараты с таргетным механизмом действия.

Keywords

ОСТРЫЕ ЛЕЙКОЗЫ,ПОСТТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИОННЫЕ РЕЦИДИВЫ,СЛОЖНЫЙ КАРИОТИП

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold
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