The purpose of this research is to reveal the origin and underlying logic of the carbon economy, to investigate the relationship between the energy industry and the carbon economy, and to explore how the energy industry impact the transformation of the implementation under the Industry 4.0 background, research on the development of the carbon economy and the international market of the carbon economy under the emission reduction measures of various countries and regions, and make recommendations for the development of the carbon economy and globalization. Subject of study: theoretical, methodological and applied principles of functioning of countries in the conditions of carbon economy. Object of study: in the context of reducing carbon emissions, the development of the carbon economy.