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Каротиноиды в растительных пищевых системах. Часть 2. Фруктовые и овощные соки

Authors: Nilova, L.P.;

Каротиноиды в растительных пищевых системах. Часть 2. Фруктовые и овощные соки

Abstract

Нилова Людмила Павловна, кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент Высшей школы сервиса и торговли, Института промышленного менеджмента, экономики и торговли, Санкт- Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, nilova_l_p@mail.ru Lyudmila P. Nilova, Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Higher school of service and trade, Institute of Industrial Management, economics and trade, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, nilova_l_p@mail.ru В обзоре обобщена информация, опубликованная за последние годы, о содержании различных каротиноидов во фруктовых и овощных соках, влиянии традиционных и альтернативных способов производства на их качественный и количественный состав и биодоступность. В зависимости от содержания каротиноидов фруктовые соки можно выстроить в следующий ряд: абрикосовый > персиковый > апельсиновый > мандариновый > яблочный > грушевый. Самый сложный каротиноидный профиль имеет апельсиновый сок, в котором идентифицировано 30–42 каротиноида преимущественно ксантофиллов в связанном состоянии. Сок из красных апельсин и грейпфрутовый отличается содержанием ликопина. Овощные соки, как правило, со-держат каротиноидов на порядок больше, чем фруктовые. В каротиноидных профилях овощных соков – преимущественно томатном и морковном, преобладают каротины. В томатном соке – ликопин, в морковном – β- и α-каротины. В соке из оранжевых томатов преобладают фитоен и ζ-каротин. Технология производства соков изменяет не только количественный и качественный состав каротиноидов, но и их биодоступность. Пастеризация соков приводит к деградации каротиноидов, которая снижается при более низких температурах. Вместо пастеризации предлагают использовать омический нагрев, микроволновые и мембранные технологии, импульсные электрические поля, которые позволяют увеличить выход каротиноидов в сок из растительного сырья. Альтернативные технологии – обработка высоким давлением на стадии гомогенизации или прессования, ультразвуковая обработка, подводная ударная волна – оказывают разное влияние на выход каротиноидов в сок. Деградация в производстве соков сопровождается изомеризацией, переходом транс-форм в цисформы и высвобождением каротиноидов в свободной форме, что приводит к повышению их биодоступности до 5 раз по сравнению со свежеотжатыми соками. The review summarizes information published in recent years on the content of various carotenoids in fruit and vegetable juices, the impact of traditional and alternative production methods on their qualitative and quantitative composition, and bioavailability. Depending on the content of carotenoids, fruit juices can be ranked in the following order: apricot > peach > orange > tangerine > apple >pear. Orange juice has the most complex carotenoid profile, in which 30–42 carotenoids, predomi-nantly xanthophylls in the bound state, have been identified. Juice from red oranges and grapefruit differs in the content of lycopene. Vegetable juices usually contain an order of magnitude more ca-rotenoids than fruit juices. In the carotenoid profiles of vegetable juices, mainly tomato and carrot juices, carotenes predominate. In tomato juice-lycopene, in carrot – β- and α-carotenes. The juice from orange tomatoes is dominated by phytoene and ζ-carotene. Juice production technology changes not only the quantitative and qualitative composition of carotenoids, but also their bioavailability. Pasteurization of juices results in degradation of carotenoids, which is reduced at lower temperatures. Instead of pasteurization, it is proposed to use ohmic heating, microwave and membrane technolo-gies, and pulsed electric fields, which allow increasing the yield of carotenoids in juice from vegeta-ble raw materials. Alternative technologies – high pressure treatment at the stage of homogenization or pressing, ultrasonic treatment, and underwater shock wave have different effects on the release of carotenoids into juice. Degradation in the production of juices is accompanied by isomerization, the transition of trans-forms to cis-forms and the release of carotenoids in a free form, which leads to an increase in their bioavailability up to 5 times compared to freshly squeezed juices.

Keywords

альтернативные технологии, 577.161.19 [УДК 663.813], heat treatment, alternative technologies, соки, juices, carotenoids, каротиноиды, термическая обработка, биодоступность, bioavailability

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green