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Поражение и деструкция и их исследование в зарубежной психологии. Сообщение 1

Authors: Dorfman, L.Ya; Zlokazov, K.V.;

Поражение и деструкция и их исследование в зарубежной психологии. Сообщение 1

Abstract

Дорфман Леонид Яковлевич, доктор психологических наук, профессор, зав. каф. психологии и педагогики, Пермский государственный институт культуры (Пермь), dorfman07@yandex.ru. Злоказов Кирилл Витальевич, кандидат психологических наук, доцент, зав. каф. психологии служебной деятельности и педагогики, Уральский юридический институт (Екатеринбург), zkirvit@yandex.ru. L.Ya. Dorfman1, dorfman07@yandex.ru K.V. Zlokazov2, zkirvit@yandex.ru 1 Perm State Institute of Culture, Perm, Russian Federation 2 Ural Institute of Law, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation Представлен краткий библиографический обзор исследований поражения и деструкции, выполненных в зарубежной психологии в последние десятилетия в теоретическом и эмпирическом ключе. Обозначены основные вехи ее предыстории и выделения в самостоятельный предмет психологического исследования. Человек терпит поражение или поражает себя в силу преднамеренных или непреднаме-ренных действий, отношений, восприятия, приводящих в той или иной степени к изменению (повреждению или разрушению) его психических структур. В результате поражения человек начинает враждебно относиться к себе, другим людям, предметам, вещам, животным, событиям и т. п. Деструкция может быть психическим расстройством и в то же время быть присущей психически здоровым людям. Выделяются три направления и, соответственно, три области исследований поражения и деструкции. Первая область – самопоражение и самодеструкция, вторая область – социально обусловленные поражения, третья область – ментальные поражения. Одним из первых идею деструкции в духе психоанализа разрабатывал З. Фрейд. В академической психологии внимание обращается на деструктивных действия и деструктивные паттерны личности. Главный критерий анализа деструктивных действий – степень их осознания. По этому критерию выделяются три возможные модели нанесения человеком вреда себе: первичная самодеструкция, обмены и контрпродуктивные стратегии. Феноменология (и соответствующие эмпирические конструкты) деструктивных тенденций личности не устоялась и несколько варьирует от одних исследований к другим. A brief recent literature review was conducted on defeat and destruction. This problem was evident when Sigmund Freud drew attention to and explored it. But empirical psychology examined it enlightening self-interest. Defeat or destructive behavior delineates limits to human rationality. It is reviewed a dozen sets of studies about defeating and destructive behavior and personality patterns. They deserve mention because bring greater costs than benefits to the self, such as by causing failure, harm, or suffering. Three fields, within which defeat and destruction were examined, are highlighted. First is self-defeating and self-destructive patterns. Second is understanding the defeat from an evolutionary perspective, namely depression, suicidality, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Third is mental defeat related to trauma. An emphasis was given to a literature on properties of self-defeating behavior and personality patterns. Self-defeating behavior can be distinguished on primary self-destruction, tradeoffs, and counterproductive strategies. Personality patterns of defeat are specified from the perspective of the five-factor model although findings vary across data of authors.

Keywords

personality defeating patterns, ББК Ю975, defeating behavior, defeat, УДК 159.9.07, поражение, деструктивные паттерны личности, destruction, деструкция, деструктивные действия

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green