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Еволюція ідей про свободу волі і передвизначення від Античності до Реформації

Еволюція ідей про свободу волі і передвизначення від Античності до Реформації

Abstract

Статтю присвячено розгляду проблеми співвідношення свободи людини та передвизначення, що тісно пов’язана із питаннями про існування Божественного промислу, Благодаті, відповідальності людини, її призначення, спасіння. Античний раціоналізований підхід акцентує на свободі людини та відповідальності. Середньовічні філософи наголошують на вірі, підкоренні Богу і намагаються поєднати їх із розумними вимогами свободи волі. Особливий інтерес становить специфіка аналізу даної проблематики в період Реформації, коли було запропоновано ідеї наперед визначеної долі людини та повне підкорення Божественній Благодаті. The article is devoted to consideration of the question of the relationship between human freedom and predestination that had gained prominence in medieval Christian philosophy because it is closely connected with the problem of the existence of Divine Providence, Grace, and their relationship with the free will of man, his purpose of salvation. The analysis shows that the determination of this question of course has deep ancient roots in the problem of predestination, immutable cosmic laws, the freedom of man. However, the fundamental difference is the antique streamlined approach with an emphasis on human freedom and responsibility in contrast with the medieval emphasis on faith, obedience to God and try to combine them with the reasonable requirements of the freedom of the will. Medieval Christianity is facing a tragic Augustine’s dilemma: either the recognition of free will and unconditional responsibility (as indicated by the reason) or complete submission to the divine will and grace –without any reasonable theodicy (as indicated by faith). Of particular interest is the specificity of the analysis of this problem in the period of the reformation, when it was suggested that ideas in advance of a certain person's fate and total submission to divine Grace. For example, Calvin believes that it is necessary to opt out of the term “free will” as unclear in meaning and absolutely incompatible with faith and grace. Thus, the reformation proclaimed the abdication of freedom in favour of the divine Grace from which logically follows fatalism.

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Keywords

предестинація (передвизначення), Божественна благодать, відповідальність, справедливість, свобода волі, justice, провидіння, divine grace, salvation, free will, responsibility, predestination, спасіння, Providence

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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