
En la ciudad de Guayaquil, la plaga de la cochinilla supone una amenaza para diferentes especies de plantas. Se reporta la incidencia de estos organismos desde 2020, pero debido a la pandemia no se aplicaron medidas en un estadio de infesta temprano, por lo que se ha expandido sin control por toda la ciudad. Y, aunque se han empleado estrategias de tipo control biológico como el uso de uno de sus depredadores naturales, las mariquitas, es posible utilizar otras soluciones como el uso de hongos entomopatógenos, esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de un consorcio entomopatógenos conformado por las especies Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii y Purpureocillium lilacinum contra la especie de cochinillas Planococcus citri en plantas de limón. La estrategia experimental fue llevada a cabo en los predios de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, campus María Auxiliadora. Se infectaron Planococcus citri en los limoneros de entre 4 a 6 a meses, dos semanas antes de la aplicación de los tratamientos. Los 7 tratamientos, excepto el control de aplicación, consistieron en 3 diferentes concentraciones (200%, 100% y 50%) del control positivo (detergente químico) y el consorcio entomopatógeno. Se analizó el índice de mortalidad de cochinillas y la eficacia del consorcio. El tratamiento 3 (100%) produjo la mayor tasa de mortalidad; mientras que el tratamiento 2, del control positivo, y el tratamiento 3, del consorcio entomopatógeno, no mostraron diferencias significativas en cuanto eficacia. Además, se analizó clorofila antes y después del tratamiento, resultando en que el tratamiento 3 mostró diferencias significativas contra los tratamientos del control positivo.
In the city of Guayaquil, the mealybug pest supose a threat to different plant species. The incidence of these organisms has been reported since 2020, but due to the pandemic, measures were not applied in an early infestation stage, which is why it has spread uncontrollably throughout the city. And, although biological control type strategies have been used, such as, the use of one of their natural predators, ladybugs, it is possible to use other solutions such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an entomopathogenic composed of the species Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii and Purpureocillium lilacinum against the mealybug specie Planococcus citri on lemon plants. The experimental strategy was carried out on the properties of the Salesian Polytechnic University, María Auxiliadora campus. Planococcus citri were infected in lemon trees between 4 to 6 months, two weeks before the application of the treatments. The 7 treatments, except the application control, consisted of 3 different concentrations (200%, 100% and 50%) of the positive control (chemical detergent) and the entomopathogenic consortium. The mortality rate of scale insects and the effectiveness of the consortium were analyzed. Treatment 3 (100%) produced the highest mortality rate; while treatment 2, from the positive control, and treatment 3, from the entomopathogenic consortium, did not show significant differences in efficacy. In addition, chlorophyll was analyzed before and after treatment, resulting in treatment 3 showing significant differences against the positive control treatments.
BIOINSECTICIDA, INVERTEBRADOS, PLANOCCOCUS CITRI, CONSORCIO ENTOMOPATÓGENO, CONTROL BIOLÓGICO
BIOINSECTICIDA, INVERTEBRADOS, PLANOCCOCUS CITRI, CONSORCIO ENTOMOPATÓGENO, CONTROL BIOLÓGICO
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