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Caracterización genómica y transcriptómica de los aislamientos de Leishmania (V.) braziliensis con diferente patrón de susceptibilidad a la Anfotericina B (AmB).

Authors: Clavijo Vanegas, Ana María;

Caracterización genómica y transcriptómica de los aislamientos de Leishmania (V.) braziliensis con diferente patrón de susceptibilidad a la Anfotericina B (AmB).

Abstract

ilustraciones a color, diagramas La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad causada por un parásito perteneciente al género Leishmania, el cual se transmite en el nuevo mundo por una mosca vector hematófaga perteneciente al género Lutzomyia, mediante ciclos de infección zoonótica y antroponótica. La leishmaniasis presenta manifestaciones viscerales (LV), cutáneas (LC) o mucosas (LM). En Colombia la forma más común es la LC y está asociada principalmente a las especies de Leishmania pertenecientes al subgénero Viannia [L.(V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis y L. (V.) guyanensis]. El tratamiento de la LC se hace de manera sistémica mediante el uso de fármacos con alto nivel de toxicidad como son las sales de antimonio (SbV), tratamiento de primera línea y la anfotericina B (AmB) que se emplea como tratamiento de segunda línea. Datos de meta-análisis estiman la falla terapéutica en el tratamiento de LC con SbV en un 25% de los casos. Adicionalmente, en Colombia se ha informado la circulación de aislamientos clínicos de L.(V.) braziliensis y L.(V.) panamensis con susceptibilidad reducida a la AmB. Una de las posibles causas de falla terapéutica en LC es la resistencia por parte del parásito, no obstante, los mecanismos moleculares asociados a resistencia a la AmB en Leishmania spp, son poco conocidos y han sido estudiados principalmente en cepas del laboratorio de especies del subgénero Leishmania Leishmania. Por lo tanto, en la presente investigación, se emplearon aislamientos clínicos de L.(V.) braziliensis, en los que previamente se determinó un patrón diferencial de susceptibilidad a la AmB in vitro, y se estudiaron factores potencialmente asociados al patrón de susceptibilidad, con el fin de proponer posibles moléculas o vías metabólicas involucradas en la respuesta in vitro de L.(V.) braziliensis a la AmB. Entre los factores estudiados están el mantenimiento en cultivo del aislamiento clínico y las diferencias genómicas y de niveles de transcrito entre aislamientos con diferente susceptibilidad. Para lograr el propósito mencionado, se realizaron ensayos de dosis-respuesta a la AmB en los dos estadios parasitarios, se analizó el genoma de los aislamientos clínicos, se evaluaron niveles de transcrito de genes seleccionados y se adelantaron ensayos preliminares de sobre-expresión génica. Mediante esta aproximación, se determinó que en los aislamientos clínicos de L.(V.) braziliensis, no existe relación entre susceptibilidad in vitro a la AmB y el mantenimiento in vitro. Con el análisis de la secuenciación del genoma, se evidenció aumento en el número de copias de algunos genes codificantes de enzimas relacionadas con la maquinaria de respiración mitocondrial y la biosíntesis de la biopeterina en aislamientos clínicos con baja susceptibilidad in vitro a la AmB. Se encontró la presencia de la región LD1, un locus multigénico ampliamente estudiado en Leishmania spp. Y adicionalmente, se estableció que el incremento en el número de copias de un gen, no necesariamente implica el aumento en los niveles de transcrito correspondiente. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted in the New World by a hematophagous female sandfly vector belonging to the genus Lutzomyia, through zoonotic and anthroponotic infection cycles. Leishmaniasis presents visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL) or mucosal (ML) manifestations. In Colombia, the most common form is CL and is mainly associated with Leishmania species belonging to the subgenus Viannia [L.(V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis]. CL is treated systemically using highly toxic drugs such as antimony salts (SbV) as first-line treatment and amphotericin B (Amphotericin B (AmB) as second-line treatment. Meta-analysis data estimate therapeutic failure in the treatment of CL with SbV in 25% of cases. Additionally, clinical isolates of L.(V.) braziliensis and L.(V.) panamensis with reduced susceptibility to AmB have been reported in Colombia. One of the possible causes of therapeutic failure in CL is resistance by the parasite; however, the molecular mechanisms associated with AmB resistance in Leishmania spp. are poorly understood and have been studied mainly in laboratory strains of species of the subgenus Leishmania Leishmania. Therefore, in the present investigation, clinical isolates of L.(V.) braziliensis, in which a differential pattern of susceptibility to AmB in vitro was previously determined, were used. Factors potentially associated with the susceptibility pattern were studied in order to propose possible molecules or metabolic pathways involved in the in vitro response of L.(V.) braziliensis to AmB. Among the factors studied are the maintenance in the culture of the clinical isolate and the genomic and transcript level differences between isolates with different susceptibility. To achieve the study purpose, dose-response assays to AmB were performed in the two parasite stages, the genome of clinical isolates was analyzed, transcript levels of selected genes were evaluated, and preliminary gene overexpression assays were performed. This approach determined that in clinical isolates of L.(V.) braziliensis, there is no relationship between in vitro susceptibility to AmB and in vitro maintenance. The genome sequencing analysis revealed increased copies of some genes encoding enzymes related to the mitochondrial respiration machinery and the biosynthesis of biopeterin in clinical isolates with low in vitro susceptibility to AmB. The presence of the LD1 region, a multigene locus widely studied in Leishmania spp. was found. Additionally, it was established that the increase in the number of copies of a gene does not necessarily imply an increase in the corresponding transcript levels. (Texto tomado de la fuente) Maestría Magister en Infecciones y Salud en el Trópico Mecanismos moleculares de farmacorresistencia en parásitos de la familia Trypanosomatidae

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Leishmania, Parasitic infection, Anfotericina B, Farmacogenética, Infección parasitaria, :615 - Farmacología y terapéutica [610 - Medicina y salud], :616 - Enfermedades [610 - Medicina y salud], Secuenciación completa del genoma, Treatment, Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis, Pharmacogenetics, Low susceptibility, Amphotericin B, Whole genome sequencing, Variantes farmacogenómicas, Leishmaniasis vaccines, Tratamiento, :576 - Genética y evolución [570 - Biología], Pharmacogenomic variants, Baja susceptibilidad

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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