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Arabidopsis thaliana`da abiyotik stres koşullarında genomik DNA metilasyonu analizleri

Authors: Arikan, Burcu;

Arabidopsis thaliana`da abiyotik stres koşullarında genomik DNA metilasyonu analizleri

Abstract

In nature, plants are frequently exposed to abiotic stress. This situation greatly affects plant growth and yield. Especially, salinity makes the agricultural lands unavailable day by day. This poses a hunger threat contrary to rapidly increasing world population. For this reason, the sustainability of agriculture should be ensured by developing stress-tolerant plants with the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the responses given to diverse environmental conditions and stress.In this thesis study, after application of NaCl and ABA in vitro to Arabidopsis thaliana plants and calli, the morphological, physiological and molecular responses were investigated. The effects of NaCl and ABA on the expression levels of MET1, Pol IV, Pol V and DRM2 genes, which are known to be important in global DNA methylation and stress-related epigenetic modifications, have been studied. While Arabidopsis plants were morphologically affected as a consequence of NaCl and ABA application, it was observed that there was no morphological change in calli. Leaf numbers, leaf surface areas, root lengths and chlorophyll contents of the plants were analysed and it was determined that stress conditions caused all parameters to decrease by affecting plant development.It is known that, phenotypic changes under stress conditions in plants are also dependent on epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications and siRNA mediated mechanisms in addition to DNA sequence variants. In this study, deoxyribonucleosides formed by the hydrolysis of DNA isolated from plants and calli exposed to NaCl and ABA were analysed by HPLC. As a result of HPLC analysis, it was determined that while NaCl application caused hypomethylation in plants, ABA application did not make a change in genomic methylation.After application of NaCl and ABA, expressions of MET1, Pol IV, Pol V and DRM2 genes that are known to be related with epigenetic mechanisms, have been investigated by real time PCR. There is no significant difference between the effects of NaCl and ABA on gene expression. The most obvious difference is the increase in expression of Pol IV after NaCl application in both plant and calli samples and for the DRM2 gene is the increase in plant samples after ABA application. Informations obtained from morphological, physiological and molecular analysis in plants and calli as consequence of NaCl and ABA application, are considered to help understanding of epigenetic-based stress mechanisms.

Bitkiler doğada sıklıkla abiyotik strese maruz kalır. Bu durum bitki gelişimini ve verimini büyük ölçüde etkiler. Özellikle tuzluluk gün geçtikçe tarım arazilerini kullanılamaz hale getirmektedir. Bu durum hızla artan dünya nüfusuna karşılık açlık tehdidi oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bitkilerin değişen çevre koşullarına ve strese verdikleri cevapların moleküler mekanizmalarının anlaşılması ile strese dayanıklı bitkiler geliştirilerek tarımın sürdürülebilirliği sağlanmalıdır.Bu tez çalışmasında, Arabidopsis thaliana bitki ve kalluslarına in vitro koşullarda NaCl ve ABA uygulaması yapılmış, bitki ve kallusların verdiği morfolojik, fizyolojik ve moleküler cevaplar incelenmiştir. NaCl ve ABA'nın global DNA metilasyonu ve stres sonucu epigenetik modifikasyonlarda önemli olduğu bilinen MET1, Pol IV, Pol V ve DRM2 genlerinin anlatım düzeylerine etkisi araştırılmıştır.NaCl ve ABA uygulaması sonucunda Arabidopsis bitkilerinin morfolojik olarak etkilendiği gözlenirken, kalluslarda morfolojik bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Bitkilerin yaprak sayıları, yaprak yüzey alanları, kök boyları ve klorofil miktarları da incelenmiş ve stres koşullarının bitki gelişimini etkileyerek bütün parametre değerlerinde düşüşe neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.Bitkilerde stres koşulları altındaki fenotipik değişimlerin DNA dizi varyantlarına ek olarak DNA metilasyonu, kromatin modifikasyonları ve siRNA aracılı mekanizmalar gibi epigenetik modifikasyonlara da bağlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada NaCl ve ABA uygulaması sonucunda bitki ve kalluslardan izole edilen DNA'ların hidroliz edilmesiyle oluşan deoksiribonükleozidler HPLC ile analiz edilmiştir. HPLC analizleri sonucunda NaCl uygulamasının bitki ve kalluslarda hipometilasyona neden olduğu belirlenirken; ABA uygulamasının genomik metilasyonda bir değişim yaratmadığı görülmüştür.NaCl ve ABA uygulaması sonucunda epigenetik mekanizmalarla ilişkili oldukları bilinen MET1, Pol IV, Pol V ve DRM2 genlerinin anlatımları gerçek zamanlı PZR ile incelenmiştir. NaCl ve ABA'nın gen anlatımı üzerindeki etkileri arasında anlamlı farklılık yoktur. En belirgin farklılık hem bitki hem de kallus örneklerinde NaCl uygulamasında Pol IV anlatımında artış, DRM2 geni için ise ABA uygulamasında bitki örneklerinde artıştır.ABA ve NaCl uygulaması sonucunda bitki ve kalluslardaki morfolojik, fizyolojik ve moleküler analizlerden elde edilen bilgilerin epigenetik temelli stres mekanizmalarının anlaşılmasına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

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Keywords

Genetics, Genetik, Biyoteknoloji, Biology, Biyoloji, Biotechnology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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