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FEATURES OF DETERMINING SNOW LOADS ON BUILDING STRUCTURES

FEATURES OF DETERMINING SNOW LOADS ON BUILDING STRUCTURES

Abstract

The article compares the requirements for determining the magnitude of snow loads on the roofs of buildings and structures during their design according to the rules established in the regulatory documents of various countries and associations: Belarus, Russia, the European Union, Canada, and the USA. It describes the approach to determining the design value of snow load on building roofs. Clarifications are provided for determining the characteristic value of snow load on the ground (the normative weight of the snow cover per square meter of surface). A comparative analysis of the formulas used in regulatory documents for calculating snow loads is presented in the form of a comparative table. Using the example of the distribution of snow load for cylindrical roofs (arched, curved, vaulted, or similar) in the absence of snow-retaining barriers, the differences in regulatory schemes for uniform (without considering snow drift) and non-uniform (considering snow drift) distribution of snow on the roof are clearly demonstrated, taking into account the differences in the determination of coefficients (drift/wind protection coefficient, which considers the drift of snow from building roofs under the influence of wind or other factors; thermal coefficient; importance coefficient of snow load; rain load coefficient; shape coefficient, which accounts for the transition from the weight of the ground snow cover to the snow load on the roof; roof slope coefficient; and snow accumulation coefficient on the roof). Recommendations are provided for determining snow loads distributed on roofs whose shape or configuration is not included among those proposed in the regulatory document, as well as measures for the process of clearing snow from roofs. В статье сравниваются требования к определению величины снеговой нагрузки на покрытия зданий и сооружений при их проектировании в соответствии с правилами, установленными в нормативных документах различных стран и объединений: Беларусь, Россия, Евросоюз, Канада, США. Описан подход к определению расчетного значения снеговой нагрузки на покрытие зданий. Даны разъяснения по определению характеристического значения снеговой нагрузки на грунт (нормативный вес снегового покрова на квадратный метр поверхности). Проведен сравнительный анализ применяемых в нормативных документах формул расчета снеговых нагрузок в виде сопоставительной таблицы. На примере схемы распределения снеговой нагрузки для цилиндрических покрытий (арочных, изогнутых, сводчатых или близких к ним) при отсутствии снегоудерживающих заграждений наглядно продемонстрировано различие в нормативных схемах для равномерного (без учета заноса снега) и неравномерного (с учетом заноса снега) распределения снега по кровле, с учетом различия в определении коэффициентов (коэффициент сноса/ветровой защищённости (учитывающий снос снега с покрытий зданий под действием ветра или иных факторов), термический коэффициент, коэффициент ответственности (значимости снеговой нагрузки) здания, коэффициент учета дождевой нагрузки, коэффициент формы, учитывающий переход от веса снегового покрова земли к снеговой нагрузке на покрытие, коэффициент наклона крыши, коэффициент накопления снега на покрытии). Оговорены рекомендации для определения снеговых нагрузок, распределенных на покрытии, форма или конфигурация которого отсутствует среди предложенных в нормативном документе схем, а также упомянуты мероприятия по осуществлению процесса очистки крыши от снега.

Keywords

load distribution schemes, design standards, wind protection coefficient, коэффициент формы, normative weight of snow cover, снеговые нагрузки, snow loads, shape coefficient, коэффициент ветровой защищённости, thermal coefficient, нормы проектирования, термический коэффициент, нормативный вес снегового покрова, схемы распределения нагрузок

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average