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Институт попечительства в начальных сельских училищах Курганского округа Тобольской губернии в середине XIX — начале XX в.

Authors: Igor, V. Neupokoev;

Институт попечительства в начальных сельских училищах Курганского округа Тобольской губернии в середине XIX — начале XX в.

Abstract

В статье рассматривается специфика деятельности института попечительства как одного из механизмов содержания дореволюционной начальной светской и церковной школы в территориальных рамках Курганского округа Тобольской губернии. Актуальность исследования может быть связана с актуализацией исторического опыта в деле соучастия различных представителей общества по обеспечению процесса обучения и воспитания подрастающего поколения, а также в необходимости развития и дальнейшего совершенствования такой особенности управления образованием, как его государственно-общественный характер. Школьное попечительство, как правило, не выделялось в самостоятельный научный объект и изучалось в связи с вопросом материального обеспечения училищ или общими вопросами по истории народного образования. Не уделялось внимания и мотивам лиц, которые согласились взять на себя статус попечителя; проблеме нормативной неурегулированности взаимоотношений с учителем, учительницей или законоучителем; способам воздействия должностных светских и церковных лиц на попечителей; реакции самих попечителей на критику субъектов школьного надзора. Автор отмечает отсутствие принципиальных отличий в выполняемых попечителями функций, независимо от ведомственной принадлежности начальных училищ: Министерство государственных имуществ, Министерство внутренних дел, Министерство народного просвещения, Св. Синод; а также на отсутствие какой-либо ответственности попечителей за неисполнение или недобросовестное исполнение своих полномочий. На основе ранее не опубликованных письменных архивных источников отдельно подчеркивается влияние субъективного фактора при реализации попечительских обязанностей и подтверждается значимость соучастия представителей различных сословий общества в полноценном функционировании учебного процесса сельской . This article describes the institute of guardianship as one of the mechanisms for maintaining the prerevolutionary elementary secular and ecclesiastical school in the Kurgan District of the Tobolsk Province. The author actualizes the historical experience of various social representatives participating in the education and upbringing of the younger generation; he also explains the need to develop and improve further the education management and its state-public nature. School guardianship, as a rule, has never been an independent research object; it has only been studied in connection with material maintenance of schools, or general questions on the history of public education. No attention has been paid to the motives of people who agreed to take on the status of a trustee, the problem of unsettled normative relationships with a teacher, the ways of influencing the official secular and ecclesiastical representatives on the trustees, and the reactions of the trustees themselves to the criticism of the subjects of school supervision. The author notes the absence of fundamental differences in the functions performed by the trustees, regardless of the departmental affiliation of the primary schools (whether it was the Ministry of State Property, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Education, or the Synod), as well as the lack of any responsibility of the trustees for their failure to perform, or the unfair execution of their powers. Based on the previously unpublished written archival sources, this study a) emphasizes the influence of the subjective factor on the implementation of guardianship responsibilities and b) confirms the significance of the participation of representatives of different social classes in the full functioning of the educational process of the rural school.

Keywords

благочинный, купец, merchant, guardian, Tobolsk Province, история народного образования, Kurgan District, попечитель, county observer of church schools, церковно-приходская школа, parish school, dean, сельское училище, Курганский округ Тобольской губернии, history of public education, rural school, уездный наблюдатель церковных школ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green