© 2018 Authors. Diverse remains of chondrichthyans were found in several stratigraphic levels in 18 cores of the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of Belarus. Most of the taxa were first reported in that territory. A new species of ctenacanthiform shark, Tamiobatis elgae, is described. The internal structure of teeth of this species is reconstructed for the first time using microtomography. The distribution of chondrichthyan taxa is analysed.