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Франкское королевство эпохи правления Каролингов и особенности развития исторического мировоззрения

Authors: Dmitriy, N. Starostin;

Франкское королевство эпохи правления Каролингов и особенности развития исторического мировоззрения

Abstract

В настоящем исследовании предпринимается попытка оценить основные характеристики каролингского «историзма», в данном случае представлений о месте истории и знаний о прошлом в рамках системы политической самоидентификации и легитимации. В частности, в работе ставятся две основные задачи: 1. Показать, что консенсус в отношении даже самых значимых исторических событий складывался в каролингском королевстве непросто и путем улаживания очень сложных трений между реально существовавшими альтернативными версиями; 2. Рассмотреть процесс формирования консенсуса в области исторических событий как социальный феномен и как результат необходимости для окружения Карла Великого принимать во внимание те противоположные мнения, которые возникли в среде местной знати как результат отторжения давления, сопровождавшего почти постоянное ведение Карлом Великим военных кампаний. Таким образом, ставится задача подчеркнуть, что, пытаясь создать свое видение истории, каролингский двор вынужден был не просто конструировать повествование о своем видении истории, но достигать согласия с образованной местной знатью в отношении общего видения прошлого в силу того, что из-за завоевательных кампаний Карла Великого в королевстве франков сложилась весьма напряженная ситуация, выразившаяся в появлении альтернативных каролингской версий истории королевства. В качестве эталонных событий для исследования процесса преодоления альтернативных версий истории в пользу версии, нужной именно Каролингам и их окружению, используются коронация Пипина III и ряд случаев из истории правления Карла Великого (как то восстание тюрингов и др.), на основании которых выстраивается определенная модель для интерпретации разногласий в исторической картине Каролингской эпохи. Новизна работы состоит в применении этой модели к битве при Тертри (687 г.), история которой как ключевого события, как показывается, была разработана только в источниках, связанных с престолом св. Арнульфа в Меце, но приглушена в источниках, возникших в иных, пусть и близких к Мецу, монастырях типа Лорша. Это говорит о том, что Каролинги были достаточно ограничены в возможностях манипулирования историческими дискурсами. Образ власти создавался в Каролингскую эпоху как историческая реминисценция, легитимация которой проходила путем коммуникации между правителем и его образованными . This study attempts to evaluate and assess Carolingian “historicism”, which is the knowledge of history within the system of political self-identification and legitimation. Thus, the author sets two main goals. The first is to show that the consensus in relationship to the key events in the history of the Carolingian kingdom appeared in the historical writings because of a complex processes of negotiating between the alternative visions of the Carolingian rule. The second is to investigate this process of consensus negotiating as a social phenomenon and as a consequence of Charlemagne and his court’s need to take into account and accept the opposite opinions of the Frankish history that had emerged as a response of the local magnates to the incessant military campaigns. Thus, this paper aims to show that in an attempt to shape its own vision of history, the Carolingian educated people were not only to construct their own narrative, but to do so in achieving consensus regarding history with the versions of the past that had emerged in annals and chronicles of local provenance and that emphasized the importance of local elites over that of the Carolingian court. The coronation of Pippin III and a number of events from the reign of Charlemagne (like the uprising of the Thuringians in the 780s) are used as model cases to establish the process whereby the alternative versions were reconciled and sometimes merged into one. The novelty of this study is in applying this model to the representation of the Battle of Tertry, the history of which as the key event of the Carolingian history was developed only in the chronicles related to Saint Arnulf of Metz — the city, which had been viewed as the symbolic and sacral heritage by the Carolingians. At the same time, as this study suggests, the description of this battle was fragmentary and its importance subdued in the sources that originated in the places located away from the Carolingian center of authority, like Lorsch. This shows that the Carolingians felt themselves relatively limited in manipulating historical discourses. The representation of authority was constructed in the Carolingian period as a historical reminiscence, the legitimation of which was achieved in the process of communication between the ruler and his educated subjects, among which were both his court scholars and educated people in regional monasteries like Lorsch, whose origin lay in the local elites.

Keywords

historical worldview, образ Карла Великого, Каролингская империя, историческое мировоззрение, the coronation of Charlemagne, the image of Charlemagne, historiography, Carolingian empire, коронация Карла Великого, историография, Louis the Pious, Людовик Благочестивый, битва при Тертри, the battle of Tertry

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green