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Snap Elections in Illiberal Democracies

Confirming Trust or Establishing Hegemony? The Case of North Macedonia
Authors: Bojanovska Popovska, Dorjana;

Snap Elections in Illiberal Democracies

Abstract

Often, the road toward illiberal democracy is paved with constitutional amendment or replacement. The case of North Macedonia is one example showing us that unfortunately, there are other less detectable yet equally successful ways of “achieving” similar results. Snap elections are a litmus paper revealing constituents’ trust in government. At the right time, they are a tool for elevating majorities and/ or perpetuating power. In illiberal democracies, unlike in liberal democracies, the results of the democratic process are not uncertain, or at least their uncertainty is significantly reduced. The right time is when there is not only expected but almost determined electoral victory. This paper discusses the case of North Macedonia, where between 2006 and 2016 five snap general elections were held. First, I argue that snap elections in illiberal democracies can have several other purposes: (1) to reinforce the populist notion of electoral legitimacy as bases for a narrative justifying violation of constitutional restraints and (2) to perpetuate power, aiming to rearrange the composition of government institutions in lack of a majority necessary to enact constitutional change. Second, I argue that the then-sitting government not only anticipated but also ensured electoral victory through several means, including securing votes through public employment and thereafter voter/ employee intimidation.

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Austria
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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