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Eksplozje gazociągów Nord Stream i Nord Stream 2: kwalifikacja prawna i wnioski de lege ferenda

Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 explosions : legal qualification and implications for the international law

Eksplozje gazociągów Nord Stream i Nord Stream 2: kwalifikacja prawna i wnioski de lege ferenda

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to establish a legal qualification of an act comitted on 26th September 2022, which resulted in severe damage to Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines. The following analysis takes into account two possible scenarios, in which either a state, or an independent party was responsible for the act. Legal analysis is primarily based upon public international law provisions on an act of aggression, as well as upon the Convention on Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Several important shortcomings in existing international law provisions on protection of fixed structures outside of the territorial sea have been identified as a result of the analysis. The article takes into account information on the circumstances of the sabotage which were commonly available at the time of writing, i.e. until the end of October 2023.

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest dokonanie kwalifikacji prawnej czynu, który 26 września 2022 roku doprowadził do uszkodzenia gazociągów Nord Stream i Nord Stream 2. Analiza stanu faktycznego opiera się na przyjęciu dwóch możliwych scenariuszy, w których za sprawstwo odpowiadać może państwo bądź sprawcy niezwiązani z żadnym państwem. Kluczową rolę w analizie odgrywają normy prawa międzynarodowego dotyczące agresji oraz postanowienia Konwencji w sprawie przeciwdziałania bezprawnym czynom przeciwko bezpieczeństwu żeglugi morskiej (SUA). Wnioski z analizy wskazują na istotne luki w prawie międzynarodowym w zakresie ochrony stałych konstrukcji wznoszonych poza morzem terytorialnym. Okoliczności sabotażu zostały na potrzeby niniejszej publikacji ustalone w oparciu o informacje powszechnie dostępne w czasie jej powstawania, tj. do końca października 2023 roku.

Country
Poland
Related Organizations
Keywords

Morze Bałtyckie, bezpieczeństwo morskie, prawo morskie, Nord Stream, prawo międzynarodowe

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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