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Impact of time of day on modifiable risk factors for hamstring injury in semi-professional football referees

Authors: Vicente Fernández-Ruiz; Marco Beato; Iñaki Ruiz-Perez; Violeta Sánchez-Migallón; Kevin De Keijzer; Per Aagaard; Victor Moreno-Pérez; +1 Authors

Impact of time of day on modifiable risk factors for hamstring injury in semi-professional football referees

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of time-of-day on intrinsic modifiable hamstring injury risk factors in football (soccer) referees. Twenty-eigth semi-professional football referees (28.6 ± 4.8 years) performed a neuromuscular test battery to assess modifiable hamstring injury risk factors at three different time points during the day (09:00 h, 14:00 h, and 19:00 h). The tests included dynamic balance (Y-Balance), range of joint motion (ROM) (straight leg raise test, ankle dorsiflexion, gluteus maximus test), and muscle strength (isometric knee flexor strength torque). Additionally, tympanic temperature, chronotype, and rating of perceived exertion were also measured. Isometric knee flexor strength torque reported statistical differences in the dominant limb (p = 0.046; η2 = 0.07), reporting differences between 09:00 h comparing 19.00 h values (p = 0.010; ES = 0.76) while no significant variations were observed in the non-dominant limb (p = 0.569; η2 = 0.01). No statistical differences in ROM measures (straight leg raise test, ankle dorsiflexion, gluteus maximus test) and dynamic balance (Y-balance test) were observed across different time-of-day points (p > 0.05). Isometric knee flexor strength torque demonstrated diurnal variations in the dominant limb. In contrast, no significant variations were found in ROM values and dynamic balance throughout the day in a semi-professional football referees.

Keywords

Range of Motion, Adult, Male, Time Factors, Hamstring Muscles, Circadian Rhythm, Young Adult, circadian rhythms, Risk Factors, team-sports, chronotype, Soccer, Muscle Strength/physiology, Humans, Circadian Rhythm/physiology, neuromuscular, Muscle Strength, Range of Motion, Articular, Hamstring Muscles/injuries, Articular/physiology, Soccer/injuries

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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