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Acral Melanoma in the Caucasian Population: A Comprehensive Cohort Study on Epidemiological, Clinicopathological, and Prognostic Features

Authors: J. Angel-Baldo; S. Podlipnik; A. Azón; A. Boada; A. Arrieta; J. Marcoval; C. López-Sánchez; +42 Authors

Acral Melanoma in the Caucasian Population: A Comprehensive Cohort Study on Epidemiological, Clinicopathological, and Prognostic Features

Abstract

Acral melanoma is associated with poor prognosis. Studying the characteristics and prognosis of Caucasian patients is crucial to understand the distinct features of this tumor.To analyze the epidemiological, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acral melanoma in Caucasian patients.We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study of acral melanoma from a database across 20 hospitals from South Europe from January 2000 to December 2019.A total of 733 acral melanomas were identified (median age, 67.5 years; 95.2%, Caucasians; 77.5% of which were located on the feet). Overall, 77.5% of cases were invasive melanomas. Foot melanomas had a higher proportion of invasive cases (80.8% vs. 69.8%; P=0.003), stages III and IV at diagnosis (24.8% vs. 11.7%; P<0.001), thicker Breslow depth (2.8mm vs. 2.0mm; P=0.021) and a higher rate of positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (30.7% vs. 15.7%; P=0.012). Thicker Breslow depth and later age of onset were risk factors for melanoma-specific survival. Thicker Breslow depth and ulceration were independent prognostic factors of relapse-free survival. Melanoma location and histopathological subtype were not associated with worse prognosis. Recurrences were a common finding (27.7%), with distant metastases appearing earlier than locorregional recurrences (1.32 years [IQR, 1.12-1.87] vs. 2.14 years [IQR, 1.68-2.70]; P=0.015).This study, the largest in a predominantly Caucasian population, underscores the unfavorable outcomes of acral melanoma. Foot melanomas exhibited delayed detection, increased invasiveness, thicker Breslow depth, increased sentinel lymph node biopsy involvement, and higher AJCC stages. The high recurrence rate and early distant metastases emphaise the critical role of intensive follow-up and routine imaging modalities to detect asymptomatic relapses.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Male, Adult, Factor de riesgo, Melanoma de pie, Análisis de supervivencia, Skin Neoplasms, Extremitats - Càncer, Pronòstic mèdic, Epidemiology, Càncer - Prognosi, Dermatology, Melanoma cutáneo, White People, SALUD PÚBLICA::epidemiología y bioestadística::epidemiología::proceso salud-enfermedad::pronóstico, Cohort Studies, PUBLIC HEALTH::Epidemiology and Biostatistics::Epidemiology::Health-Disease Process::Prognosis, Pathology, Humans, ANATOMÍA::regiones corporales::extremidades, Hand melanoma, Epidemiologia, Internal medicine, DISEASES::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue::Neuroectodermal Tumors::Neuroendocrine Tumors::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Melanoma, Melanoma, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Neoplasm Staging, Aged, 80 and over, Prognostic factor, Foot, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Foot melanoma, ENFERMEDADES::neoplasias::neoplasias por tipo histológico::neoplasias de células germinales y embrionarias::tumores neuroectodérmicos::tumores neuroendocrinos::melanoma, Survival analysis, Factor pronóstico, Middle Aged, Melanoma acral, Melanoma de mano, Prognosis, RC31-1245, Patologia, Europe, RL1-803, Acral melanoma, Female, ANATOMY::Body Regions::Extremities, Risk factor, Cutaneous melanoma, Caucas

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold