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Identification and quantification of geographical water sources in A swamp catchment in the Zapadnaya Dvina river basin

Идентификация и оценка источников питания стока заболоченного водосбора в бассейне реки Западная Двина

Identification and quantification of geographical water sources in A swamp catchment in the Zapadnaya Dvina river basin

Abstract

Детальные исследования источников питания и механизмов формирования речного стока стали возможными в последние десятилетия благодаря развитию инструментария гидролого-гидро­гео­хими­ческого анализа. С использованием трассерной модели смешения (ЕММА) и данных гидролого-гидрохимических съемок уточнены источники питания реки Велеса в бассейне реки Западная Двина и выполнена их оценка. Источниками питания являются: воды валдайского надморенного водно- и озерно-ледникового водоносного горизонта, болотные воды, атмосферные воды. Продемонстрирован специфический характер их сезонной динамики в период с мая 2017 года по июнь 2018 года. Воды надморенного водно- и озерно-ледникового комплекса – значительная и постоянно действующая составляющая речного стока. Их доля в период весеннего половодья 2018 года составила – 21%, а в периоды, следующие за сходом половодья, их доля заметно выше: в 2017 году – 31%, в 2018 году – 38%. Значительная доля атмосферных вод отмечалась в зимний период 2017 года – до 30%, что обусловлено избыточной увлажненностью водосбора в результате выпадения аномальных жидких осадков и нетипичной метеорологической обстановкой в первой половине зимнего периода 2017 года. Максимальные доли атмосферных вод (до 60%) отмечаются в теплые периоды, после схода весеннего половодья, 2017 и 2018 годах. Предшествующее увлажнение водосбора и осадки в периоды съемок были главными причинами высокой их доли. Атмосферные осадки, поступающие в результате инфильтрации в верхнюю зону аэрации практически без существенной трансформации их химического состава (верховодка), разгружаются в реку подповерхностным путем. Болотные воды преобладали в речных водах во время весеннего половодья – 46%, их доля высока и во время зимнего периода (до 35%), а в периоды начала лета – близки к нулю. Using the mixing model (EMMA) and hydrological and hydrochemical data, the geographical water sources for the Velesa river were identified and their quantitative assessment was made. They are: valdai super-moraine aquatic and lake-glacial aquifer water, swamp water, atmospheric precipitation water. EMMA-model results demonstrate the seasonal dynamics features of water sources in the period May 2017 – June 2018. Water of the super-moraine and lake-glacier aquifer are significant river runoff component constantly operating during year. Its proportion during the spring flood of 2018 is about 20%; its proportion in the periods following the spring flood is higher – in 2017 – 31%, in 2018 – 38%. Significant proportion of atmospheric precipitation waters is observed in the winter period of 2017 – up to 30%, it is due to excessive humidity of the catchment as a result of abnormal liquid precipitation and non-typical meteorological conditions in the first half winter period of 2017. The maximum proportion of atmospheric water (up to 60%) is occur during warm periods after a spring floods in 2017 and 2018. Antecedent watershed moistening and precipitation during the survey periods were the main reasons for the high proportion value. Atmospheric precipitation coming as a result of infiltration into the vadoze zone without significant transformation of their chemical composition (temporary perched water) is discharged into the river by a subsurface flow path. Swamp water is prevailed in river water during the spring flood – 46%, its proportion is also high during the winter period – up to 35%, and in early summer periods – decline to zero.

Keywords

метод главных компонент, гидрохимические наблюдения, principal component analysis, водосбор, источники питания, EMMA-model, hydrochemical observations, chemical tracers, ЕММА-модель, geographical water sources, химические трассеры, воды болотных отложений, water of swamp deposits, catchment

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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