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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
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COTS BJT Radiation Qualification Methodology for Highly Distributed Systems in Mixed-Field Environments

Authors: Gabriele Andreetta; Rudy Ferraro; Alessandro Zimmaro; Stefano Bonaldo; Alessandro Paccagnella; Yves Thurel; Alessandro Masi; +1 Authors

COTS BJT Radiation Qualification Methodology for Highly Distributed Systems in Mixed-Field Environments

Abstract

Commercial-off-the-shelf Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are commonly used in critical radiation-tolerant electronic systems, making their radiation qualification essential to ensure compliance with project-specific radiation design requirements. Although the response of BJTs to radiation is well-documented, their sensitivity to Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Displacement Damage (DD) can complicate their qualification for systems exposed to diverse radiation environments, such as high-energy particle accelerators. This work investigates the primary degradation mechanisms in various BJTs used in CERN electronics, where devices are exposed to neutron-rich and charged particle environments. This research supports the adaptation of qualification strategies, ensuring a more reliable prediction of BJT degradation in complex radiation environments. The paper also provides examples of system response estimations and highlights the impact of various degradation mechanisms, such as lot-to-lot variations, Enhanced Low Dose Rate Effects (ELDRS), and how the relative dominance of TID or DD effects can differently affect both system performance and the qualification process.

Keywords

Bipolar Junction Transistors; Displacement Damage; Non-Ionizing Energy Loss; Particle Accelerator; Radiation Hardness Assurance; Total Ionizing Dose

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
hybrid