The article indicates gender roles in the traditional culture of the Turkic–speaking peoples of Da-gestan in the 19th – early 20th century, defines the daily responsibilities of men and women in the household, their gender-marked occupations, stereotypes and behaviors, their participation degree in social production, and also defines the individual opportunities of men and women in everyday and public life, in education, in access to governance, in the family law system, their place and role in public life and spiritual culture. The materials point to the asymmetry of the gender system of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Dagestan, where everything male (masculine) was primary, sig-nificant and dominant, and everything female (feminine) was defined as secondary, insignificant, and subordinate. It was found that the gender distribution in the family among the Turkic-speaking peoples of Dagestan occurred under gender, according to which the man performed professional roles, the woman's family roles, which corresponded to the accepted ideas about the masculine and feminine type. Against the background of globalization processes, when the traditional family institution is on the verge of extinction, and gender-neutral education is broadly promoted in for-eign media, the study of gender roles and features of gender behavior and education in traditional culture is of great scientific and practical importance.