AbstractLocal translation of mRNAs supports the survival and identity of the axonal and dendritic neuronal sub-compartments. Interestingly, one of the largest categories of locally synthesized proteins are mitochondrial proteins. Recent advances have shown that axonal RNA transport is linked to the transport of several organelles. Here, we describe how mitochondrial hitch-hiking provides an elegant solution to transport mRNAs into the axon to sustain local mitochondrial homeostasis.